Catch Us If You Can” by Catherine McPhail Essay

Based on the novel† Catch Us If You Can† by Catherine McPhail. I have studied many characters that can be more responsible to what they do. The main character is a responsible person. The main character is Rory that a boy in this novel. Responsible can be described as a work that we must do it by ourselves. Now, I will discuss to all of you about the character that has shown responsibility in his actions. It is the main character, Rory. Firstly, let me move on with my first argument that show the main character, Rory is a responsible person. It can be shown from chapter one, at the clinic. Rory brings Granda for medical check-up. Granda afraid to meet the doctor and Rory tries to calm down his as well. The same time, Granda can’t be a mature person. He acts such as a child at there. Rory asks Granda to behave himself. This can be proving at chapter one, page 2, at last paragraph â€Å"I pulled him back to our seats. â€Å" Now sit down, Granda, and behave yourself†. After that, Granda helps a lady with opens the door to her. Granda puts on fire and Rory has to throw water all over Granda to put out the fire. When they meet Dr. Nicol, Rory asks the doctor about Granda health. Dr. Nicol gives a suggestion to take a home help but Granda be the first person doesn’t agree with it. From the point that I view, I knows that Rory is a responsible person even he just a boy that must need some love. Rory beings responsible with brings Granda to the clinic for a medical check-up. Rory also asks Granda to behave himself because he wants Granda in good condition. He also never forgets to give Granda the pill every day. He is more caring towards Granda. He does it because he loves Granda very much. He loves Granda because Granda is the only person that takes care of him since he is young. He thinks that Granda is the only father and mother in his life. He can’t through the life without his Granda beside him. From all the points I have mentioned, I strongly believes that Rory is a responsible person even he just a young boy. Next, let me move on to the second point that show Rory is a responsible person. It has be shown at the Rachnadar. It is the first time Rory sees his Granda cries even his late gran die. Rory feels guilty when he sees the condition of Granda at Rachnadar. Granda asks him why they bring him there but Rory doesn’t know what to say. Granda hugs Rory and holds the Rory’s hand tightly but Rory brings her eyes to the outside. The next day, he plans to rescue Granda from Rachnadar and Darren supports it actually Darren also gives the key of his mother’s caravan to Rory. He asks Rory to stays there for a while. Rory goes to the Rachnadar and enters it through the exit door. He asks Granda to be quite and he will ring Granda outs from there. The same time, he takes Granda’s pill because he knows that he will need them. This can be proving at chapter thirteen, page 62, at second paragraphs â€Å"His teeth were on the beside table. Better not forget them. And his he aring aid, not that it did him any goods he usually forgot to switch on†. From the point that I view, I know that Rory is a responsible boy towards his work. He never forgets to plan it extremely and completely because he wants the plan works. Rory beings more responsible when he plans to rescue Granda from Rachnadar. He feels that it is his dutys to save Granda from a suffer life. He can’t seeGranda cries anymore and he wants Granda makes a freely life moments. He also is responsibles to what he plans. He takes Granda’s pill when he goes to Rachnadar and saves him. He does it because he knows that he will need the pill or the equipments at another time. From all the points I have mentioned, I strongly believe that Rory is a responsible boy that rescues his Granda from a suffer life. Lastly, let me move on to the last point that shows that the main character, Rory is a responsible boy. It can be shown at chapter three, at the field. Mr. Hood invites Rory to join the football team. But, Rory tells Mr. Hood that he can’t play football. After that, Darren comes to ask him again but Rory still in his decision. Rory also tells Darren that his musts look after his Granda. This can be shown at chapter three, page 6, at last paragraph â€Å"Anyway, you know I can’t get to football practice. How would I get to the games? Who would look after my Granda.† Later, Darren asks him to send Granda to Rachnadar, and then Rory is angry and nearly kick Darren’s leg. He also tells Darren that Granda doesn’t want to go to Rachnadar. Lastly, he runs off before Darren can say another word. From the point that I view, I know that Rory is the main character that be a responsible in his life. He is more responsible when he knows that his musts look after Granda. He can sacrifices anything even he just a young boy. He thought that he must takes the responsibility towards his Granda because Granda doesn’t has any person that may takes care of him. Furthermore, Granda is forgetful person. Rory also loves his Granda, because of that he willing to make that job. He doesn’t have any biological parents in his life; he just has Granda as a father and a mother to him. He also feels guilty towards his Granda. If he plays the games, he can’t imagine that Granda will get sicker than before. From all the points I have mentioned, I strongly believe that Rory is responsible person. He cans sacrifice his joyful to take care of Granda. As a conclusion, the main character, Rory is a responsible person even he just s young boy that needs more love from adults. He makes Granda as his parents because he doesn’t have a mother or a father. From the event, we can know that Rory can be a mature person and he cans think likely an adult. Rory becomes more responsible to what he does and be responsible to every person especially his Granda.

Student Educational Loan Fund, Inc.

A Minnesota Student Loan Program www. selfloan. org Table of Contents About the Program Eligibility How to Apply Loan Size Loan Example Costs to the Borrower Loan Repayment Loan Servicer 1 1 3 4 5 5 6 9 This document can be made available in an alternative format to individuals with disabilities by calling (651) 642-0567. March 2008 About the Program The Student Educational Loan Fund, or SELF Loan, can help you pay for your education beyond high school. The program is administered by the Minnesota Office of Higher Education and can be used only for educational purposes. It is a loan, not a scholarship, so it must be repaid. Eligibility An eligible student must: †¢ be enrolled in an eligible school in Minnesota or be a Minnesota resident enrolled in an eligible school in another state or U. S. territory; a list of eligible institutions is available at www. selfloan. rg; †¢ be enrolled at least half time in a program leading to a certificate, associate, baccalaureate, graduate or education degree; †¢ be making satisfactory academic progress as defined by the school; †¢ not be in default of any student educational loan at the current or previous school; †¢ not be currently delinquent in payment of interest or principal on an outstanding loan from the SELF Program, or on any other federal, state, private or institutional student loan program; and †¢ have a credit-worthy co-signer. SELF Loan 1 Co-signer: You must have a credit-worthy co-signer who is either a U. S. itizen or a permanent resident, and who resides in the United States. The co-signer is responsible for making loan payments (interest, principal and other charges) if you fail to make payments. The co-signer is relieved of this responsibility only in the event of death or total and permanent disability of the borrower. A credit-worthy co-signer is one who has no account balances discharged through bankruptcy; no garnishments, attachments, foreclosure, repossession or suit; no more than $300 combined total in unsatisfied credit or unsatisfied payment obligations; or no more than five percent of credit bureau balances past due. The co-signer must be at least 24 years old or 18 years old if a sibling (i. e. , a brother or sister). 2 SELF Loan How to Apply Following are the steps to apply for a SELF Loan: †¢ Meet with a financial aid administrator at your college to discuss your eligibility for a SELF Loan. The financial aid office will use one of four application procedures (online SELF application, the TeleSELF electronic application, paper application or the combination paper/electronic application). The financial aid office can direct you to the appropriate application. The Office of Higher Education determines your eligibility and reviews the credit worthiness of your co-signer. If either the borrower or the co-signer are ineligible, they will be notified. †¢ The approved loan is scheduled for disbursement. On the date of disbursement, you and your co-signer are sent copies of the loan disclosure, which describes the specific terms of the loan and the scheduled disbursement date(s). †¢ Eit her a check is mailed to the school, or funds are electronically transmitted to the school, whichever the school prefers. Funds are disbursed by academic term. You should allow four weeks for the processing of the application and the disbursement of the funds. SELF Loan 3 Loan Size The financial aid administrator at the eligible school will determine the amount you can borrow. The loan amount cannot exceed the total cost of attendance, as defined by the institution, minus other financial aid that the student will receive. The minimum amount is $500. Maximum Loan Amounts The maximum loan is $7,500 for undergraduate levels and $9,000 for graduate levels provided that: †¢ The loan amount shall not exceed the cost of attendance less all other financial aid. You may borrow more than once during an academic year as long as you have not exceeded the grade-level borrowing limits, your request is for at least $500 and adequate time remains to process the application. Cumulative Borrowing Limits The cumulative SELF Loan debt shall not exceed the following grade level limits: $ 7,500 Grade Level 1 $15,000 Grade Level 2 $22,500 Grade Level 3 $30,0 00 Grade Level 4 $37,500 Grade Level 5 $55,500 Grade Levels 6 to 9 (includes all undergraduate and graduate debt) Grade level is determined by the school based on the number of credits earned. SELF Loan Loan Example Here is an example of how a SELF Loan can help you offset the total cost of attendance. Cost of attendance Less available financial aid Federal grants State grants Institutional assistance Private assistance Total Aid Total student obligation Maximum SELF Loan amount (based on grade level) $1,500 0 500 500 – $2,500 $7,500 $7,500 $10,000 Costs to the Borrower You must pay interest and principal on the loan. There are no guarantee, origination or processing fees charged. Interest Rate: The interest charged to you may change every quarter. The current SELF interest rate is available at www. selfloan. org. Borrowers pay an interest rate comprised of a percentage (the â€Å"margin†) that is added to the variable interest rate of the source of money (the â€Å"index†). As the index or margin increases or decreases over time, the interest charged will increase or decrease. The index rate is tied to the three-month London Interbank Offered Rates (LIBOR). SELF Loan 5 Loan Repayment Payment of Interest: You must pay interest quarterly while in school. This is called the â€Å"in-school period† Interest payments will start . approximately 90 days from the disbursement of the loan. During the first 12 months after graduation or if enrollment drops below half time, the borrower will be converted to a monthly interest repayment schedule. This 12-month period is called the â€Å"transition period† . Repayment of Principal and Interest: The period in which monthly principal and interest are paid is called the â€Å"repayment period† Near the end of . he 12-month transition period, you can choose between two repayment plans as long as a required repayment period has not started: †¢ The Standard Plan requires the monthly payment of principal and interest starting on the 13th month after graduation or when enrollment drops below half time. †¢ The Extended Interest Plan provides two additional years of monthly interest-only payments. Monthly payment of principal and interest with this plan begins on the 37th month after graduation or termination of study. While the Extended Interest Plan extends the transition period, it shortens the repayment period by the same two years. For SELF Loans from phases starting with SELF IV, if the aggregate principal balances of all SELF Loans is less than $18,750, the maximum repayment period will be 10 years from the end of the â€Å"in-school† status. For SELF Loans from phases starting with SELF IV, if the aggregate principal balances of all SELF Loans is $18,750 or greater, the maximum repayment period will be 15 years from the end of the â€Å"in-school† status. All SELF IV Loans will enter repayment no later than seven years after the first disbursement date on the loan. 6 SELF Loan Additional Loan Repayment Information: †¢ There are no deferment categories in the SELF Program. †¢ SELF Loans cannot be included in federal consolidation programs. Eligibility for repayment of SELF Loans under any student loan repayment program, such as a military program or AmeriCorps, is based on the criteria established by those programs for repayment of non-federal student loans. †¢ A borrower may move back and forth between the in-school and transition periods, but once a transition period has been exhausted and the repayment period entered, the borrower may NOT leave the repayment period. The total amount borrowed will determine the borrower’s monthly payment; however, the minimum monthly payment of principal and interest is $50. †¢ There is no penalty for prepaying SELF Loans. Transferring Schools: If you transfer to another school or pursue a higher degree at another institution, you must: †¢ enroll before the 12- to 36-month transition period elapses, †¢ enroll in a school that is a member of the SELF Program, and †¢ have time remaining before the seven-year mandatory repayment starts. If the school is not a member of the SELF Program, you will no longer be considered to be in the â€Å"in-school† status. SELF Loan 7 SELF Loan Repayment Examples Amount Borrowed Annual percentage rate during principal repayment period Interest rate applied to principal balance Quarterly interest payments while enrolled Monthly interest payments during transition period Monthly payments of principal and interest $7,500 $7,500 7. 00% 8. 00% 7. 00% 8. 00% $131. 25 $150. 00 $43. 75 $50. 00 108 payments of $93. 80 108 payments of $97. 64 The interest rate varies throughout the life of the loan and may increase or decrease. The example illustrates the repayment schedule for a $7,500 SELF Loan at two different interest rates and assumes that the stated rates do not change. It also assumes that payments of principal and interest will be made over a nine-year term, following interest-only payments during a four-year in-school period and for one year after school. 8 SELF Loan Loan Servicer A Servicer schedules and disburses your loan, sends bills, and keeps track of your loan payments and your current loan status. The Servicer for the SELF Program is Firstmark Services. Contact Firstmark Services for questions about your bill, payments or to make address or enrollment changes: Firstmark Services P. O. Box 25410 Woodbury, MN 55125-0410 Tel: (651) 265-7666 (888) 295-0713 toll free Visit www. firstmarkservices. com to check the status of pending applications and disbursements along with your payment and balance information. Minnesota Office of Higher Education SELF Loan is a program of the Minnesota Office of Higher Education, a state agency providing students with a range of financial aid programs and information to help them gain access to postsecondary education. The agency manages the Minnesota State Grant program, which is a needbased grant program for eligible students who submit the Free Application for Student Aid (FAFSA). The agency also oversees tuition reciprocity programs, Minnesota’s 529 college savings program, institutional licensing, a college awareness program for youth and serves as the state’s clearinghouse for data on postsecondary enrollment, financial aid, finance and trends. SELF Loan 9 Minnesota Office of Higher Education 1450 Energy Park Drive, Suite 350 Saint Paul, MN 55108-5227 Tel: 651. 642. 0567 or 800. 657. 3866 TTY Relay: 800. 627. 3529 Fax: 651. 642. 0570 E-mail: [email  protected] state. mn. us www. selfloan. org www. ohe. state. mn. us  ©2008 Minnesota Office of Higher Education Printed on recycled paper.

Diagram Common Financial Statements Research Paper

Diagram Common Financial Statements - Research Paper Example Organizing financial statements this way lessens the bias that can arise when analyzing companies of different sizes. It also permits for the analysis of a firm over various times, revealing, for instance, what percentage of the sales is the cost of goods sold and how that particular value has changed with time. For example, a common-size balance sheet will report all of the balance sheet amounts as a percentage of the "Total Assets" amount. If Cash was $80,000 and Total Assets were $1,000,000 then Cash will appear as 8% and Total Assets will appear as 100%. If the Current Assets were to be $3,500,000 they will seem to be 35%. If Current Liabilities were given as $1,800,000 then on the common-size statement show it as 18%. By having all of the balance sheet amounts as a percentage of Total Assets, you can compare your company's current asset percentage (and all other line items) to your industry's percentage or to any other company's percentages. It will not matter if the other firm was smaller or larger than your company, since all totals are in percentages of theTotal Assets. This brings the name "common-size." A common-size income statement will display all of the income statement sums as a percentage of net sales. ... Horizontal analysis is a process in fundamental analysis whereby an analyst associates line items or ratios in a company's fiscal statements over a given period of time. In this process, the analyst will use his preference when selecting a particular timeline; nevertheless, the choice is often centered on the investing time horizon under deliberation. In this scenario, when revenues increase by let’s say 10 percent this quarter, horizontal analysis must have been used. Horizontal analysis can be employed in any item that is in the company’s fiscals. This analysis is crucial in relating the performances of several companies (Bragg, 2007). Horizontal analysis is also used when converting the balance sheets and the available income statements the desired change statements. Horizontal analysis bears a resemblance to vertical analysis in the sense that it also converts financial statements balances into percentages. However, instead of computing financial statement amounts i nto percentages of the total assets, or gross sales, it converts the percentage changing income stamen balances and balance sheet numbers from a given period to the next one (Albrecht, 2009). Horizontal analysis can be carried out on ratios such as price earnings ratio, earning per share, dividend payout among others. This analysis can be performed in one of the below methods, that is, Percentage Comparison and Absolute Comparison. Absolute Comparison involves performing horizontal analysis in making comparisons in the the absolute currency aggregates of some pieces over the given period of time. For instance, cash in hand at the closure of an accounting period

The piano Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The piano - Research Paper Example This followed the invention of other stringed as well as keyboard instruments leading to the development of the piano as it is today. Between 1790 and 1800, there were major improvements in piano technology and sound due to industrial revolution as suggested by Siepmann, (10). These improvements included the new and high quality steel referred to as the piano wire and also the ability to cast iron frames in a precise manner. There was also the increase of the tonal range of the piano from the initial five octaves to the seven and as it is found in the modern piano. The modern piano has 88 keys with the hammer mechanism which is used to bring out the sound of the strings and then the keys activate the sounding. The strings are held in a cast iron frame which is heavy enough and then they are passed over a kind of bridge to where the strings are tuned. The most crucial element in the sounding of the piano is the soundboard which is made of spruce. Due to the rise of pitch standard in t he modern piano there are few pianos which are left in the market today. In playing the piano, the greater the velocity of a pressed key, the greater the force of hitting the strings with the hammer hence a louder note is produced. The Impact of the Piano in Other Countries The piano has played a major part in the music industry in the many countries. For instance it importantly used in the western jazz, television, classical music and film production. These applications are also done in other parts of the world. Many countries have produced great pianists and composers. This is because the keyboard of the piano gives an easy way of handling complex as well as harmonic interplay, hence a good tool for composition of music. The piano has led to the establishment of piano manufacturing companies such as Yamaha which are situated in different countries thus creating employment. For instance the victory enterprise in Japan is the mostly known leading exporter of the used pianos in the w orld. The music industries in many countries has also grown and developed due to the use of the piano as a composer machine. The piano drama film was produced in New Zealand as it was acted by a pianist. Individuals from different countries have developed their career in music with the inspiration of the piano. The Central Conservatory of Music (CCOM), a music institute in China has a piano department which is a nation al centre facilitating the teaching, performance as well as research. Hundreds of pianists have been trained who are now teaching in other music schools, research institutes in china and have even won international prizes music competition. With the efforts of Chinese pianists combined with that of the foreign pianists from Russia the CCOM has been able to establish a system of piano teaching embracing the Chinese as well as the western philosophies. The piano industry in Japan has tremendously grown due to the world wide demand for the instrument. Thus companies such as Yamaha and Kawai from Japan are major piano producing companies in the world. Piano manufacturing companies have also been established in Korea for instance the Alex Steinbach pianos which is produced by Samick Musical Instruments Company. This has led to the increased involvement in music and piano training schools in Korea. With the increased development of the piano, German entered the field of

Contemporary & international marketing Case Study

Contemporary & international marketing - Case Study Example Further, aspects like target segments, differentiation were also adequately addressed. The Company Tatbury Crystal Glass Ltd is a family-owned manufacturer of quality cut glass made from full lead crystal. Known as Tutbury Crystal (TC) since 1984, manufacturing on the site in the Staffordshire village went back as far as the 15th century. In the 1920-60s, the crystal had the name Thomas, Webb & Corbett, a prestigious name renowned for high-quality product. The manufactured crystals were to be seen as traditional, English, aspirational, handcrafted, exclusive and full of heritage. Luxury brands have characteristically been correlated with the essential proficiencies of originality and ingenuity, individuality, craftsmanship, accuracy and meticulousness, high quality, innovation and premium pricing. These product features provide consumers the satisfaction of not only having possession of expensive items but the added psychological benefits like esteem, prestige and a sense of "high status" that reminds them that they belong to an exclusive group of a select few who can afford these costly items. Generally, the luxury sector aims its products and services at consumers on the top-end of society's economic spectrum. These self-selected elite are more or less price-insensitive and choose to spend their time and money on objects that are plainly considered as 'opulence' rather than necessities. For these reasons, luxury and prestige brands have, for hundreds of years, commanded a stanch and often illogical customer loyalty. At present, the luxury market is taking on a new direction with exceptional demand coming from Asian countries, and hence research has centered on the cross-cultural comparison of attitudes toward the luxury concept (Dubois & Laurent, 1996; Dubois & Paternault, 1997) and the comparison of motivations between Asian and Western societies (Wong & Ahuvia, 1998). Nonetheless, these investigations have focused on only some facets of prestige-seeking consumer behavior. Although researchers concur that the inquiry of prestige goods is interesting and significant, there is currently little agreement about how best to define, and tehrefore understand, the psychology of prestige-related consumer behavior. "Status brand strategies are intuitively recognised by marketing professionals and practitioners. However, there is little literature on the topic reported in scientific journals" (Andrus, Silver & Johnson 1986). As a consequence of the remarkable growth of luxury markets over the years, the marketing arena has recently seen ample and significant interest in the study of prestige brands. Research in the UK projected important social changes by the year 2000 (Powderly & MacNulty, 1990). Their study recognised that people's needs for appearances and materialism were increasing. That is, they reported a rising demand for conspicuous and status products. In Australia, contemporary market reports seem to support this analysis. "Australians have embarked on a shopping spree for imported luxury goods, with sales of diamonds, furs, caviar and champagne jumping this year" (Rees 1997, p. 8). The United States' economic recovery and the fast growing demand in Asia, before the slowdown that started in 1997, have also boosted the growth of the

Noise Pollution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Noise Pollution - Essay Example General Characteristics of sound in relation to Noise pollution Sound is made up of longitudinal waves that travel through air and cause certain materials to vibrate and create sound. The common characteristics of sound are intensity, frequency, amplitude and velocity. Sound cannot travel in outer space because it is a vacuum. (Ron Kurtus, 2009) According to Kurtus atoms and molecules that float in outer space are too far apart to actually cause any vibration or sound. A loud explosion in outer space would hardly be heard because of the vacuum. Unlike electromagnetic waves that easily travel through space through electrical and magnetic fields, sound waves are caused due to vibration of matter. (Ron Kurtus, 2009) Sound intensity in relation to Noise Pollution The intensity of sound varies from human to human due to varying hearing sensitivity and therefore cannot be generalized. Sounds which could be normal for some could be harsh for others. Sound frequencies ranging between 1000 Hz and 5000 Hz seem most sensitive to the human ear. However, a normal human ear with the right hearing ability has the lowest threshold of approximately 4000 Hz for comfortable hearing. When sound intensity goes beyond this threshold it tends to impact on the ear causing damage. Such intense sounds include loud explosions, blasts, crashes and noise from heavy machinery etc. Prolonged exposure to such intensity of sounds is liable to lead to permanent damage. Sound intensity is described as the average rate of sound energy flow across a perpendicular surface in the line of propagation. Sound intensity is measured by special units, namely, bel and decibel which are logarithmic. If there is an increase of 1 bel, the intensity of the sound increases ten fold. An increase of 1 dB increases the intensity by approximately 25% and the change in audibility can hardly be detected. The threshold for human hearing is 0 dB sound intensity. The intensity of sound decreases as distance is increased . (www.physicsclassroom.com) Frequency of Noise Pollution The frequency of noise pollution is as important as its intensity and therefore prolonged or frequent exposure to noise is another contributing factor that lowers an individual’s quality of life. The intensity of sound that exceeds above 90dB or even lesser but recurs repeatedly over long periods of time either at work or ones own home, is sure to cause damage to the ear. Damage leads to a deterioration in audibility and could progress into permanent loss of hearing if not checked in time. Therefore, it is advisable to use hearing protectors especially when exposed to noisy environments on a regular basis. Noise pollution in relation to the quality of life Noise pollution is a major contributing factor to discomfort and stress in human beings. In fact it is a crucial threat to an individual’s quality of life especially for those who work in factories and industries with heavy machinery that creates a lot of soun d. In this contemporary age, the latest technology brought about by industrialization poses a major threat to human beings as well as causing ecological damage. Noise pollution is no more only an urban problem because even in rural areas noise from heavy machinery from industries or factories and farm implements have added to the problem.

MT140 Unit 6 Discussion Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

MT140 Unit 6 Discussion - Research Paper Example This implies that the goals must include the adequate resources required. A goal just as the name suggests has a time constrain a feature that regulates the utilization of the resources in accomplishing each. With SMART goals and objectives, the system requires the creation of appropriate bureaucratic offices to enhance the supervision of the subordinate in order to ensure that they dedicate their time among other resources to attaining the goals (Anthony & Govindarajan 2007). Managers must have basic understanding of the organization. This requires the managers to have every information about the company and its resources at any given time. The case at Sandwich Blitz Inc. is negatively unique since the management does not monitor the operations of the company thus the utilization of the resources. Such loopholes create space for embezzlement of funds among other resources. Some employees earn for hours they have not worked for, such is a portrayal of the laxity in the management a feature that validates the need for the creation of a functional management control

Human Resources in Action Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

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Public relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Public relations - Essay Example Jacquie L’Etang, the leading British theorist of PR, describes this situation in his â€Å"Public Relations and the Rhetorical Dilemma† publication. He emphasises that â€Å"public relations needs more public relations to increase public understanding of its role in society† (L’Etang 34). Public relations are seldom referred to in a positive way in the media. This concept is typically defamed as a mere propaganda and industry of spin which is busy trading in deceitful information and lies (Miller, 2003). Others publicly acknowledge the pragmatic mission of PR by saying that it is just an art of getting material into the press without paying for it, specifically, â€Å"the art of getting favourable coverage without paying for it† (â€Å"How to Get Free Publicity†). These approaches seem to be widely applied when the public needs to be manipulated against a certain governmental or corporate project. PR is announced pure propaganda and spin and the message is quickly dismissed. At the same time, while PR gets frequently referred to as spin or propaganda, this understanding of the phenomenon is one-sided and obviously lacks objective consideration. To make matters worse, this understanding is too simplistic and conceals the essential component of PR. Namely, PR is targeted not just at corporate interest advocacy, but at the advocacy of public interest, too. Apparently, the simplified interpretation of PR prevents public from realizing how PR makes up a part of normal information management practice in democracies and its role in getting public support for some practices that are beneficial for the general public as well as businesses. By drawing on contemporary critical sources on PR, our aim is to adequately examine the work of a PR practitioner, explore the sphere of PR objectives, compare the views of critics and advocates of public relations, and discuss ethical considerations in today’s PR. In addition, this pap er attempts at producing a new objective understanding of PR and its role in modern society. It has already been mentioned that critics of PR generally refer to it as propaganda or spin. Propaganda in this respect has a clearly negative connotation and gets perceived as a pejoratively loaded concept. While it was not so in the distant past (research shows that propaganda was a term used to speak about contributing much into mobilization of the general public opinion), the term propaganda started to be applied differently after the World War I. In the period of lost ideals and widespread disillusionment, propaganda began to be seen as a tool of democracy advocacy (Tye 94). For instance, Edward Bernays considered propaganda important for democracy functioning because it advocates the developments in governmental policies or some new approaches in business. In the following years, the concept of propaganda developed even more to denote psychological manipulation of the audience by the repetition of a few simple points. In this case, the audience was perceived as a passive receiver and as â€Å"a vulnerable and persuadable lot at risk from propaganda† (Brooker & Jermin 5). Understanding public relations in terms of propaganda reduces PR to â€Å"the deliberate and systematic attempt to shape perceptions, manipulate conditions, and direct the behaviour and achieve the response that furthers the desired intent of the propagandist† (Jowett & O’Donnell 4). The propagandistic underpinnings of PR were formulated by Lasswell (1995) and other scholars accepting

United Nations Global Compact Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

United Nations Global Compact - Research Paper Example Two principles which will be discussed in this memo are principle 1 and 10 i.e. dealing with human rights as well as the corruption. Principle 1 of the Initiative basically indicates that the firms should support and protect the internationally proclaimed human rights. Principle 10 however deals with the corruption and makes it important for the firms not to engage in any kind of corruption including bribery and extortion.1 Considering the above principles, our firm therefore is willing to offer its sincere recommendations and suggestions in this regard. We therefore propose that the corporate members of this local network group must evolve a clear understanding of what are some of the expectations from members while following the initiative besides ensuring that all the firms comply with the regulations at various levels rather than ignoring them at one stage and complying with them on the other. This would ensure that the principles are followed in their true spirit by all. Our firm strongly believes in these principles and has endeavored to inculcate them into our organizational culture in a manner that will ensure the compliance with all the principles. Our experience however, also suggests that the firms or partners whom we work with may not be in complete compliance with the principles outlined in Global Compact Initiative. As such it becomes our implied responsibility to ensure that all the stakeholders truly understand the relative significance of these principles. Further, the business implications for compliance of these principles can be relatively difficult because companies cannot effectively influence their partners who may be involved in violation of any of the above principles. Our experience with our partners in countries like Bangladesh also indicates that our suppliers engage into activities such as paying low wage rates, offering bribes to officials for getting approvals, having poor

Purchasing and supplies Essay Example for Free

Purchasing and supplies Essay Purchasing can be traced as far back as 2800 BC in cuneiform clay tablets purchasing orders. Curiously only during the past two countries has purchasing been addressed in trade books and text books. In 1832 Charles Babbage addressed purchasing in his book â€Å"On the Economy, Machinery and Manufacturing† The first book devoted specifically to purchasing, â€Å"The Handling of Railway Supplies: The Purchase and Disposition† published in 1887 was authored by Marshall M. Kirkman. The first college textbook on purchasing was authorized by Howard T. Lewis of Harvard University in 1933. Although interest of purchasing and supply function has been a phenomenon in the 20th, it was recognized as independent and importing function well before 1900. Growth of interest and attention to purchasing was rather uneven in the early 1900’s but by 1915, several books on purchase had appeared and several articles had been published in trade press primarily in the engineering journals. Yet prior to World War I (1914-1918) most firms regarded the purchase function primarily as a clerical activity. However during the world war, the ability to obtain raw materials supplies ad services needed to keep the factories and mines operating were the 3 key determinates of organizational success. Attention was given to the organization policies and procedures for purchase functions, and so it emerged as a recognized management activity. Historically since management interest has focused on research and development, marketing, finance and operations, purchasing has frequently been subordinated to these functions. Mangers are however becoming aware impact on the bottom line that does any other functions. It is with such insights the purchasing has evolved and evolves through the following four stages. Passive stage- Purchasing function has no strategic direction and primarily reacts to the requests of other functions, This stage is characterized by: a) High proportion and individual communications due to purchasing low visibility b) Supplier selections based on price and availability. Independent stage- Purchasing functions adopts the latest purchasing techniques and processes, but its strategic direction is independent of the firms competitive strategic. In this stage; a) Performance is based primary on cost reduction and efficiency measures. b) Coordination links are established between purchasing and technical discipline. c) Top management recognizes the importance of professional development. d) Top management recognizes the opportunities in purchasing for contribution to profitability Supportive- Purchasing function support the firm’s competitive strategy by adoption purchasing techniques and products which strengthens the firm’s competitive position In this stage; a) Purchase is included in sales proposal teams. b) Suppliers are considered a resource with emphases on experience motivation and attitude. c) Market product and suppliers are continuously monitored and analyzed. iv) Integrative stage- Purchasing strategy is fully integrated into the firm’s competitive strategy and constitutes part of an integrated effort among peers to formulate and implement a strategic plan. In this stage; a) Cross-functional training of purchasing professionals executive is made available b) Permanent lines of communication are established among other functional areas. c) Professional development focuses on strategic elements of the competitive strategy d) Purchasing performance is measures in terms of contributions to the firm’s success 1.3 The Role of the Purchasing Department The purchasing department is expected by the management to fulfill the following five rights Right Time Right Price These rights are also referred to as the principles of purchasing. In order to undertake these rights the purchasing department delineates the following as in roles;   To support company operations with an uninterrupted flow of materials and services. ii)To buy competitively- Keep abreast of the forces of demand and supply that regulate prices and material availability on the market; understanding suppliers cost structure and ability to help reduce it further; price negotiation to help reach a fair price. To buy wisely- Continual search for better vales that yield the best combination of quality service and price; reconciling users needs with suppliers capabilities by use of cross functional teams; To keep inventory investment and inventory losses at a practical minimum. To develop good relationship with suppliers community and good Continuing relationship with active suppliers- good relationship with potential suppliers is invaluable. To achieve maximum integration with other departments of the firmUnderstanding major needs of user departments and provide such support as; standardization of programmes, future price forecasting, make or buy analysis and providing a repository of information and data from suppliers. To handle the purchasing and supply management function proactively and in a professional cost effective manner- Continual analysis of activities to eliminate those that only marginally contribute to the effectiveness of the organization and establishing policies and procedures that achieve departments objectives in the most cost effective manner 1.4 The Contribution of Purchasing Department to the Overall Firm’s Performance As a function, purchasing is common to all types of business operations. The purchasing department however is an organizational unit of a firm whose duties may include responsibility for part or all of the purchasing function and additional activities as well. As a matter of fact, the purchasing function is usually performed most effectively and efficiently by a centralized unit made of buying specialist who a time may work in conjunction with a more comprehensive cross-functional team of specialists. Prior to the 1950, the purchasing department was a clerically oriented order placing unit. In the ensuing years however, managerial emphasis has focused on specialization of individual buying activities, professionalism and contribution to the firm’s profit. This emphasis by the management on the purchasing department has been borne out to of the realization of the profit potential of purchasing as a function. Every shilling saved in purchasing is equivalent to a new shilling in profit. The profit margin of a firm is usually given as.

Standard American Diet Versus a Nutritarian Diet

Standard American Diet Versus a Nutritarian Diet Essential Nutrients Macronutrients include carbohydrates, proteins, and fat; they supply the calories to our body for energy and growth. Micronutrients include vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals; they do not contain calories but are essential for health and growth. They are found in whole foods, vegetables, beans, berries, and seeds. Standard American Diet In the standard American diet (SAD) about 85 percent of calories come from low-nutrient, high-calorie processed foods, animal products, dairy products and sweets. All these foods contribute to weight gain, atherosclerosis, high cholesterol, and high blood pressure. Only 10 percent of the SAD is from natural plants such as vegetables, beans, seeds and nuts, which contain micronutrients that help protect blood vessels and prevent cancer. Thats why we have an epidemic of obesity, diabetes, heart disease, and cancer. The Nutritarian Diet, Health Equation, and ANDI Scores A nutritarian diet is a diet plan rich in micronutrients based on the health equation: Health (H) = Nutrients (N) / Calories (C) This means the more nutrient dense your diet, the healthier you become. The Aggregate Nutrient Density Index (ANDI) ranks the nutrient value of many common foods based on the amount of nutrients per calorie. This system ranks foods on a scale from 1 to 1,000, with the most nutrient-dense cruciferous leafy green vegetables (kale, collard greens, mustard greens, and watercress) scoring at 1,000. The table in Dr. Fuhrmans ANDI Scores (https://www.drfuhrman.com/learn/library/articles/95/andi-food-scores-rating-the-nutrient-density-of-foods) is a list of ANDI Scores of many common foods. The Eat to Live Plan is a nutritarian diet plan with the following features: Large portions of green vegetables, raw or cooked Animal products limited to no more than three small servings per week No dairy, white flour, and white rice No processed foods, cold cereals, and sweets No sweeteners, except fruits and limited unsulfured dried fruits Carbohydrates with high ANDI scores, such as beans, peas, squashes, lentils, and intact whole grains Protective foods such as walnuts, mushrooms, onion, berries, and seeds. Food Pyramid Beef, sweets, cheese, milk, processed food, hydrogenated oil Rarely Poultry, eggs, oils Once a week or less Fish/Fat-free dairy Twice a week or less Raw nuts/Seeds 10-20% of calories Fruits 15-25% of calories Beans/Legumes 20-30% of calories Vegetables half raw and half cooked 30-70% of calories Glycemic Index (GI) and Glycemic Load (GL) Refined grain products-such as bagels, white bread, pasta, white rice, most breakfast cereals, and other processed grains- have low nutrient value. These foods are rapidly digested and converted to sugar, raising the glucose level in the bloodstream in the same way as if you had consumed a cube of sugar. Studies have shown that long-term intake of refined grain products causes weight gain and increases the risk of type 2 diabetes. The glycemic index (GI) ranks food on a scale from 0 to 100 according to their impact on blood sugar levels after eating. Foods with a high GI are digested and absorbed rapidly, producing steep rises in blood sugar and insulin levels. Low-GI foods are digested and absorbed slowly, producing gradual rises in blood sugar and insulin levels. The glycemic load (GL) measures the actual calories of glucose produced by a serving of the food. Carrot is a good example of the lack of precision inherent in using only the GI measure. Carrots GI is 35, which is fairly high. But when carrots are eaten raw, their glycemic effect is lessened as the body does not absorb all the calories in raw foods. Carrots GL is only 3. It is not a negative food, even for the diabetics. The Glycemic Index (GI) Food Chart (http://documents.hants.gov.uk/hms/HealthyEatingontheRun-LowGlycemicIndexFoodList.pdf) shows the GI for many common foods. Studies have shown that a diet with a higher GL is associated with a greater risk of colorectal, endometrial, and breast cancers. Refined grain products, soft drinks, and fruit juices can cause weight gain and lead to diabetes. Studies also show the this link becomes stronger as the individuals weight and insulin resistance increases.

Analysis Of The Army Of God Terrorist Philosophy Essay

Analysis Of The Army Of God Terrorist Philosophy Essay In the current essay I would like to make an analysis of one of the U.S. terroristic organization so-called Army of God. I would like to consider what aims this organization wants to achieve, what methods it uses and how our society relates to this organization. As a matter of fact terrorism is a policy, based on the systematic use of terror.  The word terror is a synonymous to the words violence, intimidation and fear.  In the U.S. legal system terror is a premeditated, politically motivated violence, perpetrated against the civilian population or objects by different sub-national groups or clandestine agents in order to influence the mood of society.  There are different types of terrorism, among them are: By the nature of the subject, terrorism is divided into:  unorganized or individual in this case, the attack is made by one or two people and organized (collective) the terrorist activity is planned and implemented by a certain organization (Al-Qaeda, IRA, ETA and so on). As a rule, organized terrorism is the most common in the modern world.   Goals of terrorism are divided into following: nationalist pursues separatist or national liberation objectives;  religious can be linked to the struggle between the adherents of a religion (Muslims and Christians etc.). Social is intended to partial or radical changes in economic or political system, to attract public attention to any acute problem.  Sometimes this kind of terrorism is called revolutionary.  Of course, this division is conditional and terrorism similarities can be found in all its forms, as described in US Domestic Terrorism: Army of God. It can be said that Army of God is related to organized and social terrorism. On the one hand, Army of God is well organized group of people with common goals and on the other hand, partial changes in economic and political system of the U.S., specifically, complete ban of abortion. It should be noted that Army of God is an anti-abortion terrorist organization, which approves violence and terrorism to fight abortion in the United States.  AOG supports the Second Defensive Action Statement, which is issued by the Defenders of Life, which read: We, who sign below, announced that divine justice action is required, including the use of violence, to protect innocent human life (which was born and the unborn).We just announced any acts of violence and it is reasonable to maintain the life of a child born to defend the life of an unborn child, as stated in Army Of God? Body I presume that terroristic activity against abortion began in United States and Canada in the 70-ies of the XX century. As a fact, at first appeared terrorist organization Anti-Abortion Violence Movement (AAVM).  Terrorists set fire, blow up and destroy clinics, kill doctors and politicians and so on. As a rule, AAVM had training centers for like-minded people, where organization showed how to plan and organize military operations.  Terrorists have their own magazine; maintain contacts with right-wing movements, such as the Ku Klux Klan.   As a matter of fact, our country has a long history of small terrorist groups with religious nature, which carry out attacks on certain sectors of society who do not follow their own moral teachings and principals. One of such groups is the American Christian fundamentalist organization is known as the Army of God.  This group promotes the usage of violence against abortion clinics and homosexual community.  The Army of God has been linked to several bombings of such clinics, and uses biblical justification for an attack on the medical personnel who carry out abortions.  For example, Pastor Michael Bray one of the leading members of the organization was serving sentence in prison for the bombing of abortion clinics.  As a fact, army of God has developed a manual for counseling members on how to attack the clinic using arson, acid, as well as instructions on bomb making, as described in Army of God: Still Marching. It can be said that Army of God demonstrates the profound conviction as anti-abortion, homophobic, and sharply criticize the U.S. government for not holding to what it sees as Christian values.  In 1998, a member of the Army of God, James Kopp killed Dr. Barnett Slepian and it is considered that the organization has been linked to many other similar surveys between 1994 and 1997.  The Army of God have also tried to use public fears of terrorist biological attack with one member, Clayton Waagner, sending more than 550 letters to abortion clinics in 2001, claiming they contained anthrax and can infect those who opened them.   It is believed that the group operates major terrorist network.  In combination with a very close knit nature of communities, many of the members came to organization from the army; they seem to have lack of experience in funding or knowledge how to carry out large-scale effective attack.  It is believed that the Army of God may be involved in the attacks on gays and lesbians in May 1999, when 2 people were killed.  It is unlikely that the Army of God is real organization beyond the individual groups and no strong leadership has been defined, although several people have joined the group. The most famous terroristic act of the organization was bombings at the 1996 Olympics Atlanta that killed one person and injured more than hundreds of others.  The Army of God is a good example of a low level fundamentalist terrorists group, which get their limited knowledge and skills from the Internet or some ex-soldiers to carry out low level attacks and criminal activities in the future, what they see as their own moral code, as stated in History of the Army of God. Many experts consider that Army of God is the latest extremist religious group in the spotlight.  I would like to consider what an army of God is.  No one is sure, but the name has been used for 30 years. Here is an entry: in the early 1980s, womens clinic in Granite City, Illinois, was defeated repeatedly by fundamentalist protestors.  Then the operator of the clinic, Dr. Hector Zevallos and his wife Rosalie have been kidnapped by a group of men that called themselves as the Army of God.  Couple held for eight days in an abandoned munitions bunker.  The kidnappers said they killed them both, if Dr. Zevallos pledged to stop performing abortions he did, and they were released.  Then, these three men were later convicted for the kidnapping.  The leader, Don Benny Anderson, declared that God told him to wage war against abortion.  After that, Anderson received a 30-year prison sentence.  Also, he was convicted of setting fire in two Florida abortion clinics and drew t he second 30-year period. In 1984, when the Norfolk Womens Clinic was firebombed, the initials of Army of God were scrawled on the wall.  Soon after this, clinic near Washington was firebombed, and people claim that they represent the army of God. In 1993, the fundamentalist Rachelle Shannon had shot clinic doctor in Wichita, Oregon. She boasted that she was providing Gods will.  The police found the Army of God manual filled with quotations of the Bible, bomb-making instructions, and the declaration, saying that abortion should be stopped.  Guide said the army of God units did not stay in one place, so that the feds will never stop us, as describe in The Army of God: More Religious Killers? In 1996, two more nail-studded bombs hit Atlanta January 16, in a clinic for women and 21 February at gay nightclub.  After the second explosion, raw, unsigned, semi-literate letter was sent to Reuters, who passed it on to the FBI:  the letter said that both bombs were placed by the units of the army of God.  It also stated that those, who were involved with abortion can become victims of retaliation.  With regard to gay club, in latter there was ungrammatically described the following: We will target sodomites, there are organizations and all those who push there agenda, as stated in The Army of God: More Religious Killers? The police also found a letter, which threatened the United Nations and the United States government.  As a fact, it declared the following: We declare and will wage war to destroy the ungodly communist regime in New York and your legislative-bureaucratic lackey of Washington. It is you who are responsible and preside over the murder of children and the policy question that the wicked perversions destroy our nationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ã‚  Death of the New Order world, according to FBI National Press Release. Now, the FBI circulated a letter nationally, in the hope that some citizens will recognize the language style and determine bombers. Unfortunately, the army of God saga emphasizes an unpleasant fact of life: the most dangerous people are often the most religious. Without any doubts many Americans are categorically against  this organization and its  methods  of struggle for  their  moral beliefs. As a matter of fact, in the 90s of the XX century the scandal erupted, when Nail Horsley posted on the Web so-called Nuremberg files. It was a list of doctors, owners of the clinic that make aborts, as well as their family members, judges, famous  political and social activists, lobbying for abortion.  Also in the file were listed women who have done abortions.  The files presented not only photo with the name of the murderers, but also their addresses, telephones, video anything that can be useful if you decided to find a person.  It should be noted that these files Horsley collected himself by walking, recognizing, photographing, and published it in the Internet.  In addition, he paid photographers and volunteers, who did pictures for his list.  Horsley strongly believes that doctors, who have helped to do the abortions, shou ld be judged in a Nuremberg trial. Horsley declared the following: The Nuremberg files remind people that the doctors who kill babies are criminals and should be judged just like the Nazis at Nuremberg, as described in The Army of God. To be more precise, the U.S. Supreme Court long ago made it clear that there is nothing against abortion. However, authorities did not find anything illegal in Horsleys action and explained that under the First Amendment, these actions have nothing criminal. In my opinion, this situation is connected with the fact, that among influential Americans there are a lot of supporters of abortion ban in the U.S., for example George Bush Senior is considered one of the opponents of abortion.  Moreover, after this Web publication Horney also stated the following: We do not want all of them to die. But then, three thousand babies will die today its a fact and this fact is ignored in the past 25 years, according to Anti-Abortion Violence Defines Army of God. In my opinion this characterizes AOG as organization of  implacable fanatics  on  the religious and  moral  grounds,  who believe that they  have a right to decide  what people  can, and  what can not  do.  As a re sult of this Web publication some abortion supporters were killed or wounded: doctor John Britton was murdered in 1994 by AOG activist Paul Hill, Dr. David Gunn was shot in 1993, Canadian  Dr. Garson Romalis and Hugh Short were wounded by snipers.   Moreover, Horsley became cross the names of dead doctors on his site. According to Anti-Abortion Violence Defines Army of God, Horsley declared: My position is that people, who kill babies are responsible for the abominable act, and we should not be surprised if other people rise to fight against them. That is why we should legally prohibit abortion. Otherwise, murder and terrorism will grow up around us. Many people interpreted this  as  an open  challenge to  society and demanded to punish AOG and its participants, but authorities stated that freedom of speech can not be prohibited in the U.S. However, Stephanie Mueller, from the National Abortion Federation, declared that Horsley did not tell the full story on the site link to the attacks on doctors.  She said that one doctor was attacked in the summer of 2000, after the fact that information about him was published by Horsley.  We know other doctors who have received death threats after being caught in the files.  We think that the site is really cause violence against those who do abortions, as stated in Anti-Abortion Extremism: The Army of God. Psychological aspect In order to understand AOG behavior and motives I would like to concentrate on the analysis of AOG relation to such concepts like human life, abortion and its consequences. It should be noted that human embryos is human life form.  Consequently, in the eyes of an absolutist religion, abortion is evil, that has no different from murder.  As a fact, one of the most vociferous opponents of abortion is the Catholic Church.  When George W. Bush came to power, authorities began to fiercely protect human life as long as it is in its infancy (or terminally ill) state, not hesitating to ban medical research that could save the lives.  Embryos topic, it seems, has on many religious persons truly hypnotic effect.  Mother Teresa of Calcutta, accepting the Nobel Prize, said bluntly in her speech: The worst enemy of peace is abortion. Returning to the theme of war against abortion, I suggest you listen to the founder of the Randall Terry rescue operation, according to Understanding Th e Army Of God, he said following: When I or my supporters will come to force in this country, you will be better to disappear soon, because we will find, judge for trial and punish you.  Im not kidding.  I will do my best to condemn and punish them all. Randall Terry is referring to abortion doctors. His Christian feelings are evident and in subsequent statements:  I want to see you on the head faced a wave of intolerance, a wave of hatred.  Yes, hate its what you needà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ã‚  Our goal is a Christian nation.  Our duty is recorded in the Bible, God told us to conquer this country. We do not want pluralism.  Our goal must be simple.  We need a Christian nation, founded on the law of God, and without but, according to Understanding The Army Of God. Many experts consider that such intentions create something like Christian fascist state, which is very typical for religious organization in the U.S. This is almost an exact copy of an Islamic fascist state, of which many dream on the other side of the globe.  Fortunately, Randall Terry did not come to power, yet.  But those who are watching the developments on the American political scene there is no reason to particularly enjoy. Supporters of ethics or utilitarianism are likely estimate the issue of abortion from a different perspective and try to estimate the amount of suffering.  The most important question if the embryo is suffering? Doctors state that if the abortion is performed before the formation of his nervous system, most likely no, even if the nervous system is already there, it certainly suffers from less than an adult cow in a slaughterhouse. Does a pregnant woman or her family suffer in case the abortion is denied?  It is quite possible, and in any case, gi ven the almost complete absence of the embryo nervous system, is not it should give preference to well-developed nervous system of the mother?  In my opinion, it should be. We live in a free country with developed civil society, our right of choice should be guaranteed. As a fact, the advocates of ethical implications have their own reasons to oppose abortion.  It is assumed, that embryo does not suffer, but a culture that allows interrupting a human life can lead us too far.  Where do we draw the line?  Where is the line that separates us from killing children?  In my opinion, this line is natural birth, and perhaps we can say that in an earlier, embryonic, developing a similar milestone is hard to find. These arguments are also possible to put forward as the arguments against euthanasia.   However, AOG and other opponents of abortion do not care about these arguments.  From their point of view everything is much easier.  Embryo is a baby, its destruction is the murder. That is it, end of discussion.  From such an absolutist position it is difficult to make far-reaching conclusions.  They require, despite the dizzying medical perspective, to stop research on embryonic stem cells, because, as a result, embryos stem cells die.  Illogicality of the last argument is obvious when you think about what is now widely used by IVF (in vitro fertilization), during which doctors stimulate the production of the female body more ovum for in vitro fertilization.  At the same time receive up to a dozen viable embryos, of which the uterus is implanted two or three.  It is expected that one or two will survive.  Thus, the destruction of embryos occurs at two stages of IVF, but the procedure for the society as a whole have no complaints.  For over 25 years, IVF is a st andard practice that brings happiness to childless couples, as described in Annihilating abortuaries is our purest form of worship. A certain category of religious believers can not see the moral difference between destroying a microscopic group of cells on the one hand and the murder of an adult doctor on the other.  According to Doctor Chaplain and the Army of God: In a terrible book of Marc Yurgensmayer Terror in the name of God there is printed a photograph of the Rev. Michael Bray with his friend, the Rev. Paul Hill, holding a banner with the slogan: Is it possible not to hinder the murder of innocent  babies?. They and their associates from the Army of God are committed to  set fire to abortion clinics and do not hide their desire to kill doctors. As a fact, July 29, 1994 at the entrance to the clinic of the city of Pensacola, Florida, Paul Hill killed with a revolver Dr. John Britton and his bodyguard James Barrett. After he surrendered to the police,  he stated that shot the doctor to stop the killing of innocents.   Before proceeding to a discussion of abortion I would like to consider Paul Hills case, as one of the typical example of AOG participants behavior. As it was mentioned above, Paul Hill, with the full support took the law into his own hands and killed the doctor.  Hill started to defend his action by making a distinction between killings, say, retired doctor to vengeance and murder of a medical practitioner to stop them produce regular babies killing. In turn, abortion supporters stated that, despite the apparent sincerity of Paul Hills belief, he should not forget that if everyone starts to punish and pardon according to personal beliefs, not adopted by the laws, society will slide into a monstrous chaos.  Is it not correct to change the law in a democratic manner?  Paul Hill replied: Well, the problem here is that sometimes we have no real, genuine law, the law sometimes is fabricated on the spot of the head, as in the case of so-called law on abortion rights, a judge imposed on its peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦, according to Doctor Chaplain and the Army of God.  In my opinion Paul Hills relation to these questions very much like the position of living in Britain of Muslims, who openly declare that they are subject only to Islamic law, and not accepted in a democratic manner the laws of country of their residence.   In 2003, Paul Hill was executed for the murder of Dr. Britton and his bodyguard; he claimed before the execution that to save the unborn would have killed again. He was speaking to reporters: I believe that by punishing me, the state makes me a martyr. Authorized by law, the murder of Hill, it is reasonable, but it may provoke new attacks by providing an effect opposite to the expected.  Paul Hill on the way to the death chamber was smiling, saying: I expect reward in heavenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ I look for fame.  He urged others to follow in his steps, as stated in Doctor Chaplain and the Army of God.   I presume that very interesting was the fact, that one of the representative of certain abortion clinic named Paul Hill as a dangerous psychopath.  But people like Hill, do not consider themselves as dangerous psychopaths, they consider themselves as good, moral people who perform the covenants of God.  Frankly, I do not think that Paul Hill was psycho.  In my opinion, he was just a very religious man.  Without any doubts he was dangerous man, but not a psychopath.  To be more precise, misinterpretation of religion made him dangerous.  In accordance with AOG religious beliefs, Hill was right and moral by killing Dr. Britton. It should be noted that almost all vehement opponents of abortion are deeply religious.  Army of God activists do not see the moral difference between killing the embryo and killing a doctor, except that the embryo, by their definition, is the innocent baby. Proponents of ethical implications are able to evaluate the differences. In the early stages of embryo development in their ability to feel and even in structure and appearance, does not exceed the tadpole.  The doctor, on the contrary is formed, endowed with the consciousness of the individual with hopes, aspirations, dreams, fears, a wealth of knowledge, ability to complex emotions, most likely leaving behind inconsolable widow, orphan children, perhaps a loving elderly parents.   In my opinion, Paul Hill has caused a real, deep, prolonged suffering to human being that was able to feel and has a complex nervous system.  His victim, a doctor did not do this.  As a fact, embryos do not have the nervous system on early stage of development, and undoubtedly, are not affected. Moreover, even at a later stage embryos with nervous systems suffer not because they are human, but because they are living beings. In other words, there is no reason to believe that human embryos at any age suffer more than cows or sheep embryos of similar age.  And there are many reasons to argue that all embryos, including human, suffer much less than an adult cow or a sheep to the slaughter, and even more so slaughtered during the ritual killing of animals in some Muslims countries, when, according to religious requirements, they must be fully conscious  at the time of cutting the throat.   Of course, it is not easy to evaluate the suffering. You can argue about the details, but this does not change the main idea, which regards the differences between the position of opponents and supporters of the ethics implications of religious, absolutist moral philosophy. The first concerned whether the embryos suffer. The second concern, whether those are human beings.  Religious moralists argue when embryo becomes a person, a human being.  Despite this, abortion supporters, most likely, will put the question differently: it does not matter whether it is a person, more important questions, in what age the developing embryo is capable to feel pain, no matter what kind of animal it is. Conclusion To sum it up, I would like to say that Army of God is a terrorist organization within the U.S., which main purpose is in achieve a complete prohibition of abortion on the territory of the United States and also to punish medical  personnel  as well as  women  who  have had  abortions by different prison sentence and death penalty. Especially I would like to mention the fact that according to AOG, every doctor who made an abortion (kill the embryo) must be killed, because he deprived a human being of life. As a fact, AOG began its activity from 1982 and exist even today. From that moment AOG issue manual instructions how you can make a bomb or fire up abortion clinic. Also, there is AOG website, on which every person can enter the organization and help to their right case. Moreover, in its activity AOG is based on religion, namely Catholic Christianity and approve all violence by interpretation of the Bible. It can be said that the organization is responsible for two bombi ngs in 1996 in Atlanta, a series of murders and cases of kidnappings in relation to doctors and other medical staff of abortion clinics all over the country. As a fact, the advocates of ethical implications have their own reasons to oppose abortion.  It is assumed, that embryo does not suffer, but a culture that allows interrupting a human life can lead us too far. However, AOG and other opponents of abortion do not care about these arguments.  From their point of view everything is much easier.  Embryo is a baby, its destruction is the murder. That is it, end of discussion.  From such an absolutist position it is difficult to make far-reaching conclusions. In my opinion, this whole nightmare comes from the usual differences of perception.  There are people because of their religious beliefs considering abortion as murder, and ready to open fire, protecting embryos, which they prefer to call their babies.  On the other hand, there are people, no less sincere support abortion without any religious views, but with principles of morality.  They also see themselves as champions of the idea of providing medical care to the patients in need, who otherwise would have had to turn to unskilled underground healers.  Each side believes the other murderers or accomplices of the killers.  And each in his own way sincere. It is difficult to find a common ground in this situation. I think that first of all each side should show  greater understanding and  reduce  the level  of aggression  towards  the opponents. As a solution, I propose to consider the possibility to build abortion clinics in certain areas, similar to gambling th at allowed only in several areas. On the one hand, women will have an opportunity to make an abortion in safe conditions and doctors will no longer fear for their lives. On the other hand, abortion opponents will be satisfied with the fact that abortion is legal only in several areas in the country and every woman on her way to the clinic will have an opportunity to think if she really needs to take this step. I strongly believe that our society should take measures to solve this problem, and such organizations like Army of God with its violence will no longer have support of our citizens.

The Facts About Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery Essay -- celebrity, surge

We see those girls walking, we see those celebrity that looks very perfect in every way we want them to be, we see those big breast in the bathing suit and we see those perfect shapes and appearance. Plastic and cosmetic surgery have become a â€Å"consumer good† and people are buying them mostly non-stop. The people that plan to get plastic and cosmetic surgeries are the one that should really think about it and also people that can’t even afford it. It’s because they don’t know what the outcomes are. I believe people are using plastic and cosmetic surgery for wrong reasons because people are getting it for their birthday, graduation or just as a present. It is important that the people that really needs it, can get it. If there’s no defect or disorder, it shouldn’t be needed. For example, â€Å"24 year old Amanda, an optician in suburban Michigan, is getting the gift of a tummy tuck† (Dana 13). We should care because too much money are being spend on getting the plastic and cosmetic surgery. Instead of using that money to get the surgery that aren’t really needed, they can use that to donate to kids or people that are more in needs. We should be caring because we don’t know what kind of afterward results we’ll have if we get the surgeries. We should care because people often die from one mistake of getting in plastic and cosmetic surgery. We should care because those plastic and cosmetic surgery doesn’t really last forever, the majority will last you like about maybe a decade only. Many people is being affected by getting plastic or cosmetic surgeries. One example of was a girl name Annan she didn’t have very good self-esteem â€Å"I felt like it didn’t complement my face very well† (Krishnan 1). Teens girls are always looking to be goo... ...Web. 1 Apr. 2014. . Lee, M. and Nancy Sprauge. â€Å"Cosmetic Surgery: An Overview.† Points of View: Cosmetic Surgery 2013: 1. Points of View Reference Center. Web. 7 Feb. 2014. . Margonelli, Lisa. "GAMBLING ON Beauty." Health (Time Inc. Health) 15.9 2001: 122. Health Source - Consumer Edition. Web. 10 Apr. 2014. . Morgan, Peggy. "Is A Facelift In Your Future?" Prevention 50.1 1998: 106. Health Source - Consumer Edition. Web. 24 Apr. 2014. . Nowak, Rachel. "When Looks Can Kill." New Scientist 192.2574 2006: 18. MAS Ultra – School Edition. Web. 8 Apr. 2014. . Shute, Nancy. "Makeover Nation. (Cover Story)." U.S. News & World Report 136.19 2004: 52. Middle Search Plus. Web. 3 Apr. 2014. .

Comparing the South Beach Diet and Food Pyramid Recommendations :: Health Nutrition Diet Exercise Essays

Comparing the South Beach Diet and Food Pyramid Recommendations   Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Recently, new ideas for diet and weight loss, such as the South Beach low carbohydrate diet, have been replacing the previously chosen ideas, particularly, the Food Pyramid. Both eating patterns recommend consuming larger quantities of some food groups than others, although which groups varies between the diets. The former emphasis on diet and exercise is also beginning to shift with the new diet choices.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In previous years to lose weight a person was told to eat â€Å"healthier†, lower caloric intake, and exercise more. Many of these advocates promoted the food pyramid. The food pyramid, completed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, recommends 6-11 servings from the â€Å"bread, cereal, rice, and pasta† group, 3-5 servings from the â€Å"vegetable† group, 2-4 servings from the â€Å"fruit† group, 2-3 servings from both the â€Å"milk, yogurt, and cheese† group and the â€Å"meat, poultry, fish, beans, eggs, and nuts group,† and â€Å"fats, oils, and sugars† are to be consumed â€Å"sparingly.† Serving sizes can be found on the label of most food products under the Nutrition Facts. Obviously, with the food pyramid, it is recommended that the group with the highest consumption per day should be from the bread, cereal, rice and pasta group, or the foods with the highest portion of carbohydrates.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The South Beach diet does not recommend specific quantities of any one group. The diet consists of three phases. Phase one is the strictest phase with a very low intake of carbohydrates. Bread, cereal, rice, and pasta are completely excluded from the diet for two weeks. Instead, the initial two weeks consists mostly of eating meat, poultry, fish, eggs, cheese, and nuts. Phase two begins by reintroducing â€Å"good† carbs back into the diet. Good carbs include fruits and sparing consumption of whole wheat/grain bread and cereal. Phase two lasts until a person reaches their goal weight. Phase three is a maintenance phase in which a person takes everything they have learned and makes it a lifestyle change. Arthur Agatston, the cardiologist credited with the South Beach diet says that if you crave something in phase three you

Power of Religion in John Steinbecks The Grapes of Wrath Essay

The Power of Religion in John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath John Steinbeck's epic novel, The Grapes of Wrath, chronicles the struggles of the Joads as they join the thousands of fellow "Okies" in a mass migration westward. The Joads reluctantly leave behind their Oklahoma farm in search of work and food in California. While Steinbeck writes profoundly and emotionally about the political problems of the Great Depression, his characters also show evidence of a deep concern with spirituality. When they feel hopeless and are uncertain about their immediate future, their concentration on religion dwindles. On the other hand, when they leave their home, the Joads regain spiritual faith; they have something to live for: California. Once they arrive and find only more difficulties, they lose their sense that better things are ahead of them and gravitate back towards thinking politically. However, they finally return to the source of their original faith--religion-- at their most desperate time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the first characters Steinbeck introduces (after Tom Joad) is the former preacher Jim Casy, who questions his own faith in his initial conversation with Tom: "Ain't got the call [to preach] no more. Got a lot of sinful idears-but they seem kinda sensibleThe sperit's strong in me, on'y it ain't the sameHere I got the sperit sometimes an' nothin' to preach about. I got the call to lead the people, an' no place to lead 'em" (Steinbeck 20-21). His skepticism precludes him from preaching. He still recognizes the importance of his religion, but he is no longer sure of its role in the times of hopelessness. Casy could not preach when neither he nor those to whom he preached had a purpose. When guided by a goal, though, he pro... ...gles with their own faith in the midst of hunger, poverty, homelessness and loss of family are enlightening, and can inspire people who are not in that terrible situation to reconsider themselves. Work Cited Steinbeck, John. The Grapes of Wrath. New York: Penguin Books, 1998. Works Consulted Conder, John J. "Steinbeck and Nature's Self: The Grapes of Wrath." John Steinbeck, Modern Critical Views. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1987. 125-140. French, Warren. John Steinbeck. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1975. Levant, Howard. "The Fully Matured Art: The Grapes of Wrath." John Steinbeck, Modern Critical Views. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1987. 35-62. Lojek, Helen. "Jim Casy: Politico of the New Jerusalem." Steinbeck Quarterly, Winter-Spring 1982. 30-37. The New American Bible, Gospel of John. 23:34. New York: The Catholic Press, 1976.

Hollywood and Marketing: Understanding the Appeal of Jaws Essay

The success of Jaws may mainly be attributed to the interconnected presence of various genres and themes throughout the film, hence significantly increasing the range of its prospective audience. For one, aside from being basically a thriller, the presence of an enormous shark as a dangerous entity would of course highlight themes on nature similar to documentaries. Furthermore, there is the crime genre, encompassing the theme of conspiracy, is partly embodied by the film as well; to explain, the Mayor who governs over the beach disregards every warning about the safety of the people in a straightforward manner, mainly pointing out economic reasons in defense of such a stance. Action is also present and evident throughout the film, especially during its final scenes. While still incomparable to films which are actually categorized under the action genre in terms of fights and explosions, it could definitely be argued that the final scene wherein the three main protagonists battle the shark which ends with the shark’s demise initiates a similar adrenaline rush for the viewers. In relation to such points, it is also important to emphasize the fact that the film is actually Hollywood’s adaptation of a highly successful book of the same name. Achieving a considerable appeal to the mainstream audience as well as to different types of viewers ensures success in terms of marketability (Wyatt 22). Jaws has such appeal, as the presence of the abovementioned themes and genres prove. For one, those interested with nature would be enthralled by the thought of watching a film focused on a great white shark. Also, self-proclaimed critics on the realism of such films would watch the movie to give their comments. On a more specific note, mature audiences would in turn be attracted to the film as it would satisfy their need for identifying deeper aspects and meanings such as corruption. Younger moviegoers would instead appreciate the thrilling and action packed sequences in the movie. Indeed, as old wizards may be shown in a manner resembling classical comic book heroes to achieve a better appeal to such viewers (Thompson 51), the three main protagonists of Jaws have similarly been presented due to their antics in the last few scenes of the film. Those who have read the book, possibly being a considerably large crowd, would predictably watch the movie as well. Without a doubt, Jaws achieved a universal appeal among moviegoers which ensured its marketability and success. Works Cited Spielberg, Steven, dir. Jaws. Zanuck/Brown Productions, 1975. Film. Wyatt, Justin. High Concept: Movies and Marketing in Hollywood. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 1994. Print. Thompson, Kristin. â€Å"Fantasy, Franchises, and Frodo Baggins: The Lord of the Rings and Modern Hollywood. † Velvet Light Trap: A Critical Journal of Film and Television 52 (2003): 45 – 63. Print.

Employment responiblities and right in health Essay

1.1 Disciplinary procedures Discrimination Minimum wage Hours worked Health and safety Holiday’s entitlements Redundancy and dismissal Training Union right and consultation 1.2Employment rights Equalities and Discrimination Health and safety 1.3There has to be rules and protection for workers, owners of businesses and factories have never given anything to the workers without being forced to, shorter hours, paid holidays, proper safety protection, rising the age a child can be employed. All these above have to be legislated for the owners to obey the laws. It also helps us the employer and the employee. 1.4looks at your contract Handbook, Job description, Policy documents, Terms and conditions Basic rights Discrimination issues Information source Health and safety Work experience Bullying in the Workplace 2.1 My contract shows me the start date of my contract started. What hours I will be doing in the week. How much I get paid an hour and when it will get paid in my bank. What holidays I am entitled to, For the sickness pay and conditions there is no contractual sickness/injury payment scheme in  addition to SSP, if there is a capability/disciplinary issues it explains what how you should look in the handbook and what part of the hand book you need to look at. If you have a grievance it tells you to raise it with your manager either verbally or in writing. It tells you how many week notice you have to give for termination for you and the employee. 2.2 On my pay statement it shows the breakdown of all the hours I have worked thought out the month. It also shows how much national insurance and tax I have paid, what tax period it is. How many days holidays I have taken and have left. It also tells me my pay roll number. It has the gross pay which is how much you have earned before tax and at the bottom off the wage slip it tells you how much you come out with after the tax has been taken off. 2.3 Submit a formal written grievance to the line manager, who will make every effort to hear your grievance within five working days, if we need help putting are point across we can ask a colleague or an accredited trade union official to be present to help explain. If you are not happy with the outcome, tell the person who dealt with the grievance that you would like to take it further. Submit a formal written appeal to the director within five working days of receiving written confirmation you need to include an explanation of why you are unhappy with the original decision. Once a decision is made at the appeal stage is final. 2.4Your name Address/telephone number 2.5The aim of the policy is to ensure no job applicant or employee is discriminated against either directly or indirectly on any unlawful ground. The managing director has overall responsibility for ensuring that this policy is implemented in accordance with the appropriate statutory requirements and full account will be taken of all available guidance and in particular any relevant code of practice. Day to day training is the responsibility of the management who can call on specialised skills and knowledge within the home and from external sources for advice on training matters. Training will be arranged during normal working hours whenever possible but there may be occasions when employees will be required to attend training outside their normal working hours. All employees will be given a copy of the handbook at the beginning of their employment with the home. A copy of the handbook will always be on the premises. The home  recognises your rights either to join or not to join a trade union of your choice. You are required to take reasonable care of your own well being and that off your employees. The relevant health and safety notice are posted around the premises and you are expected to be familiar with their requirements. 3.1 Care assistant play a key role in supporting qualified professionals in hospitals, care homes and other health care environments. Depending on the individual role and setting, a care assistant may assist therapists or specialists by setting up equipment and providing hands on support by working directly with the patients in carrying out routine personal care duties. 3.2 I need to be monitoring the wellbeing of the clients. Making sure that they are eating well, making sure they are not losing any weight as this could be a medical condition and a doctor may need to be called, their personal hygiene as this could mean they are not capable to do this themselves. To ensure their medication is being taken correctly and if they are not to inform the office. Making sure they are safe in their own if there any safety issues the we need to ring the office and let the co-ordinator so they can get hold of the social work to find the best way to sort it out. 3.3 We need to be making sure that the individuals are proved with the right care for example making sure personal care is done, making sure they have taken their medicine and eating correctly support in their intellectual, social and emotional needs. Carrying out treatment or therapy. 3.4 Their roles are to regulate health and adult social care providers to protect and promote the health, safety and welfare of people who use health and social care services. They undertake the role for the general purpose of encouraging three things, the improvement of health and social care services, ensuring services focus on people who use services, and all that resources are used effectively and efficiently. To do them thing they need to register providers a common set of standards. These are the standards providers have a legal responsibility to meet and that people have a right to expect whenever or wherever they receive care. Monitor and inspect providers against regularly, at anytime in response to concerns. Undertaking themed inspections, themed reviews and specialist investigations base on particular aspects of care. 4.1 Home care manager Outreach worker Doctors Nurses Social worker Dental Health care scientists Care co-ordinator Team leaders 4.2 Hospitals Carehomes Careworkers Library Work placement 4.3 Pathway for a team leaders are: Well organised Positive attitude Able to work with plant equipment and complete some office work with computers Problem solving skills Good time management skills Able to provide management support with good communication skills which include motivational skills and decision making abilities 5.1 Winterbourne view was meant to help by assessing and treating patients so that they could have ordinary lives in their own home, but in 2011 some of the staff at winterbourne view got filmed slapping, hurting patients getting them on the floor. They also sat on them and lay on them so that the patients could not move; sometimes they would trap them under chairs to stop them from getting up. The patients were bullied, had water thrown at them. One lady was put in the shower with her clothes on, they swear, pulled hair and poking their eyes. After this was broadcasted on panorama there were 11 of its former care staff were sentenced to court. Some of the 11 got a jail sentence. 5.2 As the public have lots of concern about winterbourne view and other care homes one person said â€Å"the absence of transparency &  accountability is terrifying†. There was a lot of concern on the care sector and thinking there not just isolated instances as one lady said â€Å"there aren’t isolated instances, its cultural and its grown out of what happened in the care sector† but most of the public views on what happened was to see justice and the after care of the residents a gentlemen said â€Å"not only do I want to see justice to be seen but what is the after-care being given to the victims It’s not as simple moving them out, they have been throw hell they will need a lot of care to try and build their trust, heal the abuse and bad memories†. 5.3 The changes that have happened since winterbourne view is that CQC now take whisleblowing calls to ensure each one is tracked and chased until resolved. They now receive 500 calls a month. They also now carry out more unannounced inspections of high risk services, similar to winterbourne view. CQC carried out an extra 150 inspections of similar services and found out that almost half didn’t meet national standards. They focus on personalisation and prevention in social care and that commission should ensure services can deliver a high leave of support and care to people with complex needs or challenging behaviour. Also that services /support should be provided locally where ever possible. 5.4 The changes that have happened since Winterbourne View is that CQC now take whisleblowing calls to ensure that each one is tracked and chased until resolved. They now receive around 500 calls a month. Also they now carry out more unannounced inspections of high risk services similar to Winterbourne view. CQC carry out an extra off similar service and found out that half did not meet the national standard. They also focus on personalisation and prevention in the social care and that commission should ensure service can be deliver a high level of support and care to people with complex needs or challenging behaviour. Also the services/ support should be provided locally where possible.

How Important Is Postgraduate Education Education Essay

First, Jie Liu believes that it is critical for every graduate student selling instruction supplier to understand the three features of a graduate student selling pupil which are motivations, outlooks and readiness. Liu divided the factors that may possibly actuate pupils to take postgraduate selling instruction into intrinsic, extrinsic and calling related. In a research executed by Liu where questionnaires were distributed to marketing pupils of four different British universities, the consequence depicted that what motivated pupils for marketing graduate student surveies were intrinsic and calling related factors. This means that pupils chose the postgraduate selling plan at their ain will so that it could assist them construct a calling and supply them with greater chances. This is the ground why there are legion international pupils in the United Kingdom as several pupils from developing states such as India and China believe that analyzing abroad can assist them achieve suited occupations. â€Å" It is promoting to happen that far more of the Chinese pupils, who have invested so much in footings of household fundss and attempt to travel to the UK to analyze, were optimistic instead than pessimistic about their calling chances † ( Counsell 2011:71 ) . In respects to outlooks, Liu states that all pupils expected that they would be provided with theoretical every bit good as practical cognition on the topic. Graduate student pupils have high outlooks that the programme will learn them a batch which will be of significance in their hereafter. Furthermore, Liu identifies the feature of readiness to be indispensable. Postgraduate pupils need to be prepared, holding an apprehension of the class and a series of accomplishments to assist them get by with their graduate student instruction. Liu so distinguished place and international pupils in respects to preparedness after transporting out a farther analysis. The consequences showed that international pupi ls were less prepared than place pupils. There are assorted grounds as to why an international pupil could be less prepared such as different larning techniques, trouble in understanding the linguistic communication, civilization daze and non being able to accommodate to the British environment. Therefore, Liu seeks to supply cognition about graduate student selling instruction in the United Kingdom by mensurating the motivations, outlooks and readiness of graduate student selling pupils. Second, the article written by Liu has its ain strengths and failings. The extreme advantage of the article is that it focuses on a peculiar field which is postgraduate selling instruction. This could help other selling research workers and leaders with their survey as there are limited researches stressing on graduate student selling programme. In add-on, Liu succeeds in making an understanding about motivations, outlooks and readiness of graduate student selling pupils which would back up graduate student selling suppliers to plan their programme consequently. With these assets, the article does keep out defects every bit good. The research prepared by Liu where questionnaires were given out to marketing pupils of four British universities did lend accurate replies but there were restrictions. As stated in the article, the research was made utilizing the questionnaires returned by 90 five pupils which is comparatively a little figure for a research made for graduate student selling instruction and the four British universities surveyed were all set in a peculiar geographical country in the United Kingdom. Furthermore, Liu references that a individual quantitative method is used in informations aggregation and that there is no qualitative attack practised in the research. Even so, Liu points out differences between place and international pupils which could be imprecise as with such a little study it is non plausible to carry through a clear and broad image. â€Å" Provision of higher instruction for international pupils has become an of import beginning of income for Western universities and these pupils have attracted research attending † ( Huang 2008:1003 ) . Therefore, even with an copiousness of facts, the article seems uncomplete and lacks preciseness. Third, Liu decidedly recognises the turning importance of graduate student selling instruction and wants postgraduate selling pupils every bit good as the graduate student selling suppliers in the United Kingdom to profit from the programme. Since international pupils constitute bulk of the programme, Liu believes that these international pupils should have maximal advantage. Marketing instruction suppliers should be able to assist, back up, and understand international pupils so as to better the experience for pupils which would back up United Kingdom to keep onto its prima place in the instruction market globally. â€Å" At a clip when higher instruction establishments are developing schemes to spread out the Numberss of graduate student pupils, placing the academic and societal demands of full-time graduate student pupils is of paramount importance † ( Humphrey and McCarthy, 1999:371 ) . To reason, Liu mentions that international pupils come all the manner to the United Kingdom, paying a monolithic sum of fee, therefore, there money should be valued and they should be provided with a theoretical and practical cognition experience. This would present an advantage to the pupils and the instruction suppliers in the United Kingdom.