Povery is a cause of illiteracy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Povery is a cause of illiteracy - Research Paper Example Illiteracy is the consequence of lack of education. In today’s world, literacy is especially significant for growth of a society as well as individual. Though there are many countries where illiteracy rate is almost zero percent, there are quite a few countries which are struggling to eradicate illiteracy by educating mass number of people. Illiteracy can be of two types, one is adult illiteracy and another is children illiteracy. There is no one and only cause for illiteracy, but biggest reason for illiteracy is poverty. People who are deprived of adequate amount of food generally are engrossed with the thought of getting food in order to survive. A person is incapable to concentrate on acquiring education with an empty stomach. People who are living below poverty line are unable to educate their children because they can’t meet the expense of the cost of education and thus compel them to work for food (Wagner, â€Å"Literacy and Adult Education†). Poverty and I lliteracy Poverty and illiteracy are interlinked with each other. Poor people are not capable to attain enough money to provide adequate education to their children and without proper education they become constrained to a life of poverty. Poverty can be of two types: Absolute Poverty: Absolute poverty is referred to as the deficiency of financial resources essential to maintain a certain minimal level of standard of living. The absolute poverty is based on aspects such as minimum financial resources required to fulfill basic needs or minimum income level needed to buy necessary food (Berg, â€Å"Poverty and Education†). Relative Poverty: Relative poverty is partially determined by means of the society where the person lives. For example, someone who is not considered as poor in Africa may be considered poor in America (Berg, â€Å"Poverty and Education†). Both kind of poverty is related to illiteracy. Inadequate financial condition may result in irregular attendance a t schools in developed countries. The relative poverty can lead any person to be excluded from society or a particular school community. This segregation affects in acquiring the full benefit from education and thus benefit of education into employment. Relative poverty also impacts the motivation to perform well in education or to participate in any educational event. The absolute poverty in many developing country normally have high illiteracy level. A number of children are unable to complete their primary education and a few are not even able to start their primary education. Absolute poverty results in poor conditions for education such as inadequate books, lack of electricity and no places for learning. Poverty leads to poor nutrition to children which affect the learning ability of children. According to Global Monitoring Report EFA in Sub–Saharan–African region, ‘more than a quarter of children’, who are below the age of five are malnourished due t o improper nutrition and poor diet and thus unable to attend or concentrate on school studies. Good nutrition and improved physical condition possess strong beneficial effect on children’s leaning ability and this is the reason poor children hardly concentrate on their education. Inadequate resources, unstable environment of learning and financial insecurity often lead to emotional stress in poor families which impact the level of education of children

Evidence Based Practice in Mental Health Nursing Essay Example for Free

Evidence Based Practice in Mental Health Nursing Essay One of the most common and disabling psychological disorders encountered within mental health and general medical settings is that of an anxiety disorder (Dattilio Kendall 2000). Research has indicated that people with learning disabilities are more prevalent to psychological disorders than the general population (Hassiotis et al 2000) consequently it could be hypothesised that prevalence rates of anxiety disorders are similar if not greater within the learning disabled population. Professional literature suggests that cognitive-behaviour therapy (CBT) has been an effective treatment against anxiety disorder (Beck 1995) however; this literature has predominately concentrated its focus to within the confines of mental health and general medical settings (Dattilio Kendall 2000). The ability of people with learning disabilities to identify, evaluate and respond to their dysfunctional thoughts and beliefs, fundamentals of CBT (Beck 1995) have put into question the very use of this treatment programme for this particular client group (Kroese et al 1997). From a professional and personal perspective and through the utilisation of the Seedhouse (1998) Ethical Grid responding to an anxiety disorder by way of CBT could be considered an ethically acceptable clinical intervention. Nationally and locally through government directives, Valuing People (Department of Health 2001) and initiatives such as Health Action Plans (Department of Health 2002) services have recognised that they need to be more responsive to the mental health needs of people with learning disabilities. As a learning disability nurse wishing to ascertain the effectiveness of CBT as a practical intervention when presented with the dual-diagnosis of anxiety disorder and learning disability, is through the use of evidence-based practice. When deciding on the best possible clinical intervention for an identified practice problem it seams logical to convert the issue into a single answerable question (Colyer Kamath 1999). Several authors have identified that the use of frameworks to inform the development of the clinical question provide the practitioner with a systematic process of formulating an answerable question (Sackett et al 1997 Ridsdale1998). One such framework as described by Sackett et al (1997) is a four- stage process, known by the acronym PICO: Patient or Population Intervention or Indicator Comparison or Control Outcome The construction of an answerable question is the basis of evidence-based practice and should guide the practitioner to how to find an answer (Ridsdale 1998). It is important that each variable under the PICO framework is clearly defined, being as detailed and explicit as possible in order to extend clarification to the question. Working through PICO methodically the practitioner would instigate the process by defining the Patient or Population. Characteristics such age, gender and diagnosis would need to be deliberated and whilst the aforementioned were easily recognised in the practice area as adult male, identifying appropriate terminology for diagnosis can prove problematic. The term Learning Disability is often used interchangeably in literature with terms such as, Mental Retardation and Intellectual Disabilities. Learning Disability is a term with contemporary usage within the United Kingdom to describe a client group with significant development delays (Gates 1996). Whilst the idiom Learning Disability is the preferred terminology for the question due to its contemporary usage it must be accepted that its a term not internationally recognised nor is it a term used for long in the United Kingdom (Gates 1996). Anxiety disorder comes in many facets and can be described as severe psychological disorders in which abnormal or chronic anxiety interferes with daily living (Adams Bromley 1998). The client in the practice area had described psychological and physiological symptoms that were diagnosed as a social anxiety disorder through rating scales and self-report measures. It is crucial that the practitioner is aware that the term identified for the question as social anxiety is often recognised by the synonyms, social phobia or panic disorder (Dattilio Kendall 2000). The recognition of this inconsistent terminology will enable an evaluation to  take place between the relationships of the chosen term to symptoms displayed by the client. The identification of existing clinical interventions is a valuable part of the process of developing evidenced-based interventions (Meijel 2003). Literature suggests that CBT is an effective treatment for a number of psychological disorders (Embling 2002 Hatton 2002). Central to the model of CBT is that distorted or dysfunctional thinking is prevalent in all psychological disorders (Beck 1995). Analysis of accumulated experience of existing interventions and the aforementioned evidence of its validity led to the application of CBT as the question intervention. It is not imperative for the question to have a comparison intervention and this was the situation in the clinical problem described, therefore the conclusive element utilising the PICO framework was outcome. The outcome should be measurable (Sackett et al 1997) and after initially trivialising with the term used it became evident that this would not develop into something that could be measured. Discussing whether or not an intervention is effective however would provide the question with a measurable outcome. Revision of the terminology identified through the PICO framework would consequently translate the question as Is cognitive-behaviour therapy an effective intervention for adult males with learning disabilities diagnosed as suffering from social anxiety? A well-formulated search strategy is an essential component in gathering appropriate evidence (Hewitt-Taylor 2002). Ridsdale (1998) discusses a four-stage search strategy that helps to translate the question into a meaningful search a) Identify the subject elements of the question b) Define the relationship between the subject elements c) Convert the subject elements into search themes d) Decide on the scope of the search Assistance to define the subject elements can be found within the PICO framework Patient Learning Disability, Social Anxiety Intervention CBT Outcome Effectiveness Once identified an effective means of linking the subject elements of a question for the search process is through the use of operators. Operators such as: And Or Not, form a logical link between the elements of the question and can be used collectively or individually in any electronic database search (Ridsdale 1998). All of the subject elements of the question were required in order provide a conclusive answer therefore the operator required for the search strategy could be identified as And. The subject elements then require conversion into terms by which references can be retrieved (Ridsdale 1998). A keyword search would apply the terms identified as the subject elements, however making a list of the known synonyms of the subject elements such as Intellectual Disability and Mental Retardation, for inclusion, would substantially develop the search process. Finally the scope of the search decides what is wanted from the search. In order to identify the most appropriate type of evidence that is required for the practice problem the type of question asked must be identified (Sackett et al 1997). The question developed through the PICO framework can be readily identified as questioning, the effectiveness of a therapy. Sackett et al (1997) proposes that the best available evidence to answer this type of question is comparative / prospective studies and ideally random controlled trials (RCTs) which in turn determine the choice of database (Ridsdale 1998). Sackett et al (1997) provides a comprehensive catalogue of information resources such as databases, journals and web sites along with descriptions  of the type of evidence that can be found within these resources. It was established previously that the best type of evidence for the question would be RCTs and comparative / prospective studies. From the descriptions supplied by Sackett et al (1997) it could be identified that the Cochrane Library supplies the user with full text systematic reviews of effects of health-care interventions along with bibliographies of controlled trials. Further electronic databases identified through Salford University library information services were PsycINFO that contains citations and summaries of journal articles and books in the field of psychology chosen for its congruity with the clinical intervention. Swetswise an electronic journal aggregator that provides access to full text publications from several major health care related academic publishers and IngentaConnect which offers full text availability for all core Blackwell science and medical journals were chosen due to familiarity of use and extensive subject matter. Other databases considered were CINAHL, EMBASE and AMED however all were discounted due to their general nursing bias. Despite the recognition of Ridsdales (1998) four-stage search strategy and its systematic approach the initial search were completed exploiting familiar strategies through the IngentaConnect database. Preconceptions from previous endeavours searching for relevant evidence furnished the belief that a similar strategy would provide sufficient evidence to answer the question. A number of the subject elements were used through keyword searches whilst the operator And was used to link each in turn (See Appendix). This easy to use search strategy produced a number of hits however none matched the criteria identified as being the most appropriate type of evidence to answer the question. The search revealed that almost all of the evidence found belonged in either mental health (Heimberg 2002) or general medical settings (Scholing Emmelkamp 1999). Whenever the term learning disability or mental retardation was utilised they invariable appeared indiscriminately amidst the title or abstract of the article providing no specific relevance to the question. The frustration born out of this strategy led to further searches of electronic databases firstly through another familiar database, Swetswise. Ridsdale (1998) identifies that too many hits will be recovered if the subject element is to general  and this was evident in the first keyword search. The term learning disabilities produced 548 hits (See Appendix) far too many to feasibly scan. The subsequent four searches failed to produce a single hit a possibility also recognised by Ridsdale (1998) who suggests alternative synonyms are utilised in this circumstance. Due to the inability to find any relevant material of value towards answering the question Ridsdales (1998) four-stage strategy was then conscientiously adopted in conjunction with the knowledge acquired through lectures received at Salford University. A further search of Swetswise database was completed (See Appendix) which revealed significantly less hits than previously achieved but produced a literature review (Hatton 2002) specifically aimed at the use of CBT and people with learning disabilities. Whilst this evidence did not fulfil previous identified criteria it established that pursuing Ridsdales (1998) strategy could provide some success. A similar approach was undertaken while searching the Cochrane Library database which allows the user to restrict the search to the acquisition of systematic reviews and controlled trials whilst using a simple keyword option. Again the subject elements were utilised along with the recognised operator and despite new found confidence and kno wledge the search strategy revealed no evidence of systematic reviews or RCTs with regards to the question (See Appendix). All systematic reviews or RCTs retrieved belonged within general and mental health settings. The final electronic database to be utilised was PsycINFO (via Ovid) where again Ridsdales (1998) four-stage strategy was conscientiously adopted. PsycINFO requires the user to have some prior knowledge of how to use electronic databases and their search strategies, which initially can prove bewildering to the novice. Once familiar with the database and its ability to combine search strategies either through keyword, journal or author the user should find it a practical resource (See Appendix). No systematic reviews or RCTs were found within the results however a further literature review (Feldman Rivas-Vazquez 2003) aimed at psychosocial interventions and people with intellectual disabilities was unearthed along with evidence from child and adolescence services (Dadds Spence 1997) and psychiatric services (Carmin Albano 2003). Hatton (2002) suggests that research evidence on the effects of psychosocial interventions  for people with learning disabilities is sparse, whilst Kroese (1998) adds that therapists are reluctant to engage into therapy with this client group due to their dislike of having to relate to them. In an attempt to discover any type of evidence relating to people with learning disabilities and CBT the Salford University library catalogue was searched (See Appendix). A simple keyword search revealed one book (Kroese et al 1997) attaining the subject elements however again it did not produce the type of evidence recognised as the most appropriate to answer the question. Sackett et al (1997 p.2) defines evidence based practice as: the conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients. With this definition in mind it should be established as to what constitutes current best evidence and its implications for the practitioner wishing to implement evidence based practice. Belsey Snell (2001 p.2) states that, evidence is presented in many forms and the value of evidence can be ranked according to the following classification in descending order of credibility: I. Strong evidence from at least one systematic review of multiple well-designed randomised controlled trials II. Strong evidence from at least one properly designed randomised controlled trial of appropriate size III. Evidence from well-designed trials such as non-randomised trials, cohort studies, time series or matched case-controlled studies IV. Evidence from well-designed non-experimental studies from more than one centre or research group V. Opinions of respected authorities, based on clinical evidence, descriptive studies or reports of expert committees In accepting this hierarchy of evidence practitioners should concede that the systematic review of multiple well-designed RCTs constitutes best available evidence (Colyer Kamath 1999). Sullivan (1998) adds weight to this argument when he states that RCTs constitute the strongest source of evidence and that the scientific community prefer the quantitative research technique that makes use of empirical data following a systematic process. Whilst a number of RCTs were found (Dadds Spence 1997 Scholing Emmelkamp 1999) whilst undertaking the search strategy none belonged within learning disability settings. The only evidence found specific to the original question were literature reviews and a specialist book (Kroese et al 1997) aimed at CBT and learning disabilities. The literature reviews (Hatton 2002 Kroese 1998) revealed that a number of case studies and a case series had demonstrated the potential feasibility of CBT reducing anxiety amongst people with learning disabilities. Whilst the specialist book (Kroese et al 1997) discussed conceptual and contextual issues of CBT and people with learning disabilities suffering anxiety disorders. This type of evidence appears in the lower reaches of the hierarchy of evidence and as such its subjectivity, reliability and validity can be disputed (Sullivan 1998). Whilst acknowledging the hierarchy of evidence and the proposal that comparative / prospective studies and ideally RCTs were the best forms of evidence to answer this type of question (Sackett et al 1997) it appears that in their absence the evidence revealed is the best available. RCTs are widely acknowledged as the gold standard of evidence-based practice (Rowland Goss 2000) however it is suggested that they bear little resemblance to day-to-day reality (McInnes et al 2001). RCTs can be pragmatic or explanatory the former is concerned with the overall effectiveness of an intervention whilst the latter examines the impact of specific treatment elements on outcome (Parry 2000) however neither considers the perspectives and uniqueness of the respondents. The evidence recovered for the question (Hatton 2002 Kroese 1998) albeit in the lower reaches of the hierarchy acknowledges the feelings of the respondents due to its qualitative nature (patient centred, holistic and humanistic) therefore making it extremely suitable for the study of nursing phenomena (Parahoo  1997) along with its relevance as regards answering a therapy question (Parry 2000). Kroese (1997) offers a number of reasons why there is this lack of quantitative research evidence surrounding the subject elements in the question. He suggests that people with a learning disability are a devalued population, it is impossible to ensure that changes are due to clinical manipulations if individuals (learning disabled) do not have stable cognitions. Finally there is a conjecture that anxiety in people with learning disabilities is the same as in the general population consequently there is no need for specifically focused research. It emerges that learning disability services continue to adapt research evidence from general and mental health settings (Finlay Lyons 2001) a similar approach with the RCTs recovered from the search strategy could make them a valued resource however it would take a skilled clinician to make this a feasible option. Reflection is a necessary component of Continuing Professional Development and is a legitimate method for questioning personal effectiveness and responsibility in all aspects of health care (Driscoll Teh 2001). Through the process of reflection the practitioner recognised his own limitations in identifying appropriate evidence for his clinical problems, along with the often inconclusive, time consuming and frustrating strategies undertaken in the search of evidence in support of his clinical practice. The structured frameworks utilised throughout the process described earlier gave the practitioner a systematic approach to formulating a question, developing a search strategy and identifying appropriate evidence to answer his practice problem. The ability to systematically approach future clinical problems will enable the practitioner to offer his clients a holistic, client centred practice from the best external evidence available. Adams, B. Bromley, B. (1998) Psychology for Health Care Key Terms and Concepts, London, Macmillan Press Beck, J.S. (1995) Cognitive Therapy Basics and Beyond, London, Guildford Press. Belsey, J. Snell, T. (2001) What is Evidence-Based Medicine? [Internet] Available from www.jr2.ox.uk/bandolier (Accessed 7th December 2004) Carmin, C.N. Albano, A.M. (2003) Clinical Management of Anxiety Disorder in Psychiatric Settings: Psychologys Impact on Evidence-Based Treatment of Children and Adults, Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, Vol. 34, No. 2 pp 170-176. Colyer, H. Kamath, P. (1999) Evidence-based practice A philosophical and political analysis: some matters for consideration by professional practitioners, Journal of Advanced Nursing, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp 188-193 Dadds, M.R. Spence, S.H. (1997) Prevention and Early Intervention for Anxiety Disorders: A Controlled Trial, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology Vol. 65, No. 4, pp 627-635. Dattilio, F.M. Kendall, P.C. (2000) Panic Disorder In: Dattilio, F.M. Freeman, A. Cognitive Behavioural Strategies in Crisis Interventions 2nd Edition, London, The Guildford Press. Driscoll, J. Teh, B. (2001) The potential of reflective practice to develop individual orthopaedic nurse practitioners and their practice, Journal of Orthopaedic Nursing, Vol. 5, pp 95-103 Embling, S. (2002) The effectiveness of cognitive behaviour therapy in depression, Nursing Standard, Vol. 17, Nos. 14-15, pp 33-41 Feldman, L.B. Rivas-Vazquez, R.A. (2003) Assessment and Treatment of Social Anxiety Disorder, Professional Psychology: Research and Practice Vol. 34, No. 4, pp 396-405. Gates, B. (1996) Learning Disability In: Kenworthy, N. Snowley, G. Gilling, C. (Eds) Common Foundations Studies in Nursing Second Edition, London, Churchill Livingston. Hassiotis, A. Barron, P. OHara, J. (2000) Mental Health Services for People with Learning Disabilities, British Medical Journal, Vol. 321, Issue 7261, pp 583-584 Hatton, C. (2002) Psychosocial interventions for adults with intellectual disabilities and mental health problems: A review, Journal of Mental Health, Vol. 11, No. 4, pp 357-373. Hewitt-Taylor, J. (2002) Evidence-based practice, Nursing Standard, Vol. 17, Nos. 14-15, pp 47-52. Department of Health (2001) Valuing People A New Strategy for Learning Disability for the 21st Century, A White Paper, London, HMSO. Department of Health (2002) Health Action Plans and Health Facilitation Good Practice Guidance for Learning Disability Partnership Boards, London, Department of Health. Heimberg, R.G. (2002) Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder: Current Status and Future Directions, Society of Biomedical Psychiatry, Vol. 51, pp 101-108. Kroese, B.S. Dagnan, D. Loumidis, K. (1997) (Eds) Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy for People with Learning Disabilities, London, Brunner-Routledge. Kroese, B.S. (1998) Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy for People with Learning Disabilities, Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, Vol. 26, pp 315-322. McInnes, E. Harvey, G. Fennessy, G. Clark, E. (2001) Implementing evidence-based practice in clinical situations, Nursing Standard, Vol. 15, No. 41, pp 40-44. Meijel, van B. Game, C. Swieten-Duijfjes, van B. Grypdonck, M.H.F. (2003) The development of evidence-based nursing interventions: methodological considerations, Journal of Advance Nursing, Vol. 48, No. 1, pp 84-92. Parry, G. (2000) Evidence-based psychotherapy In: Rowland N. Goss S. (Eds) Evidence-Based Counselling and Psychological Therapies Research and Applications, London, Routledge. Ridsdale, L (1998) (Ed) Evidence-based Practice in Primary Care, London, Churchill Livingston. Rowland, N. Goss, S. (2000) (Eds) Evidence-Based Counselling and Psychological Therapies Research and Applications, London, Routledge. Sackett, D.L. Richardson, W.S. Rosenberg, W. Hayes, R.B. (1997) Evidence-based medicine: how to practice and teach EBM, London, Churchill Livingston. Scholing, A. Emmelkamp, P.M.G. (1999) Prediction of treatment outcomes in social phobia: a cross-validation, Behaviour Research and Therapy, Vol. 37, pp 659-670 Seedhouse, D. (1998) Ethics The Heart of Health Care 2nd Edition, Chichester, Wiley. Sullivan, P. (1998) Developing evidence-based care in mental health nursing, Nursing Standard, Vol. 12, No. 31, pp 35-38

War on Iraq article in high school newspaper :: essays research papers

At 7:12PM on Wednesday, March19, 2003, President Bush authorized a full-scale war on Iraq and the Saddam Hussein led regime by uttering just two simple words. â€Å"Let’s go,† President George W. Bush said to Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfield Wednesday at the close of a nearly four-hour meeting in the Oval Office. The war on Iraq, which has been given the title â€Å"Operation: Iraqi Freedom†, is the result of months of Hussein’s refusal to let United Nations weapons inspectors into Iraq. The U.N. suspects that Hussein has been building and harboring â€Å"weapons of mass destruction† into Iraq. This problem goes as far back as the early ‘90’s when former President Bush initiated the Gulf War on account of very similar issues. Aside from not letting U.N. inspectors into Iraq, Hussein has been a brutal dictator towards his own people for the better part of a decade. President Bush says that one of the main objectives of winning this wa r is to completely rebuild Iraq and make it a safe place for people to live. To do this, the American troops must take Hussein out of power. The beginning of the war was preceded by a forty-eight hour period that President Bush had given Hussein for a chance to comply with the U.N. and avoid war. President Bush’s final attempts at peace were not accepted and he began what the Pentagon is calling a â€Å"decapitation attack†. More than forty satellite-guided Tomahawk cruise missiles were fired from U.S. warships in the Red Sea and Persian Gulf. In the days soon afterward, American troops advanced into Iraq and launched a head-on attack towards Iraq’s capital city of Baghdad. Iraqi officials reported that only in the first two days of these attacks, that seventy-two missiles had hit Baghdad, killing four Iraqi officials. Another school year is coming to a close, as is a chapter in the senior class of 2003’s lives. As the excitement escalades and the dream of leaving high school is becoming more and more of a reality, the seniors are realizing that their senior year is different from previous senior classes. They are graduating during a time of war, a time that could possibly be on of the biggest events in their lives. They will all be affected by it, some of them might be in it, and none of them will forget it. â€Å"I will remember this senior year, and time of war, as I have remembered a specific passage from the book of Ezekial.

mississippi burning trial Essay -- essays research papers

The Mississippi Burning Trial† was not for the cold-blooded murders of three young civil rights workers, but rather for the violation of their civil rights. The federal government wanted to break Mississippi’s â€Å"white supremacy† stronghold on the South. â€Å"The Mississippi Burning Trial† proved to be the opportunity to do so. The three branches of the federal government and their various departments were actively involved in bringing about this civil rights trial in Mississippi and these activities and personal views are well documented in court records, department records, and the press. The federal government’s Michael Schwerner, James Chaney, and Andrew Goodman were working to register black voters in rural areas and small towns of Mississippi. Their deaths were brutal at the hands of local Klu Klux Klan members. Brutality, however, was the norm for dealing with â€Å"outsiders, niggers, and nigger lovers† who dared to try to force Mississippi to change. The violence and racist language that make our skin crawl today was not only accepted by the majority of white Mississippians, but was openly practiced. Being of like minds,the powers of Mississippi knew they could count on one another for support from the local to the national levels. The federal government had the manpower, communications network, and finances to break apart Mississippi’s white racist unity. If racial equality were to succeed in the South, it would have to come by way of the powerful federal government. In 1964 The Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) organized a 600 volunteer campaign to go into Mississippi and register black voters. It would be highly dangerous for there was little to no protection offered by local and county officials against KKK violence. J. Res Brown, one of only four black lawyers in Mississippi warned, â€Å"You’re going to be classified into two groups in Mississippi: niggers and nigger-lovers, and they’re tougher on nigger lovers.† Michael Schwerner, a Jewish New Yorker, had already spent six months in Mississippi working for the Congress of Racial Equality. He knew how bad it was in Mississippi. He described Mississippi, â€Å"Is the decisive battleground for America. Nowhere in the world is the idea of white supremacy more firmly entrenched, or more cancerous, than in Missi... ...Sheriff Lawrence Rainey. Three defendants had no verdict. Judge Cox sentenced Bowers to ten years and Cecil Price to six. In defending his sentences Judge Cox was quoted as saying, â€Å"They killed one nigger, one Jew, and a white man. I gave them what I thought they deserved.† The South was shocked that even seven of the defendants were found guilty; the rest of the nation was relieved. The Imperial Wizard of Mississippi’s Klu Klux Klan was sentenced to prison. The arrogant Judge Cox had been humbled. "The Mississippi Burning Trial† was the first trial in Mississippi history where white jurors found white men guilty of crimes against â€Å"outsiders, niggers, and nigger lovers†. The controlling white supremacist mentality of Mississippi had been cracked. From the President of the United States and the US Supreme Court to the FBI field workers and Navy Sailors, the federal government had invested a great deal of man-hours and money into this civil rights trial. The federal government viewed this partial victory as a giant step towards civil rights equality not only in the state of Mississippi, but the rest of the South.

The Cellist of Sarajevo

The Cellist of Sarajevo Shirley Shi My prediction for the novel, The Cellist of Sarajevo, is that the novel is going to be out the siege in Sarajevo. It’s also going to be out a survival story for different kinds of characters in the novel. For example, on the inside flap of the novel, it said that a character in the story name Arrow, who is a counter sniper in the novel tries to protect the cellist from danger. The cellist had to stay in front of a bakery store, where a bomb killed twenty two people to play some tunes in memory of them. The disclaimer of the novel tells the reader some information about what the novel is about, but not a lot of information. For example, the Toronto Star said â€Å"In this story of a battered city and its suffering residents, art is just a trinket. Art offers precious albeit fleeting, moments of solace and hope†¦profoundly stirring† This comment helps the reader to understand that the residents are suffering but it did not say how they are suffering. The comment only said why they are suffering and from what they are suffering. The residents are suffering from living in a battered city. The quotations in the novel helps the reader to understand the deeper meaning of a character or it can help the reader to understand the setting or the actions of what the character is doing. The first few chapter of the novel is about the cellist. This first part of the book is the exposition of the novel. The cellist job was to play music in front of a bakery, where a bombed killed twenty two people, who were waiting in line to buy bread. The cellist had to stay in front of that bakery for twenty two days and play his cellist in memory of those who died. This first part of the book helps the reader to understand the cellist a little bit and also helps the reader to wonder how the cellist in the novel is going to survive because the cellist is out in the open, where he is not protected by a barrier or any protection. Arrow, a counter sniper, life had changed when she became a sniper. She doesn’t shoot at civilians, like the men on the hills, but she shoots at soldiers. Before, her life was normal, she was living her life like an average teenager girl, but when the war started; her attitude toward things had changed from been normal to un-normal. One of her internal conflict is within herself. After the world around her had started to change, she started to change herself. She didn’t want to be the girl who is always nice to everyone anymore. â€Å"I’m Arrow, I hate them, the woman you knew hated nobody† One of her external force would be â€Å"To hate people because they hated her first, and then to hate them because of what they’ve done to her, has created a desire to separate the part of her that will fight back, from the part that never wanted to fight in the first place†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (13). This quotation tells the reader that she is having a conflict with the people that affected her to change, which as we know from the quote that the people that affected her was the men on the hills. Another one of her external force is â€Å"For a moment she’s unsure, unable to read their gestures. † This quotation tells the reader that she is having conflicts with the soldiers that are on the street beneath the building that she is in. She is not sure on whether she should shoot at them or not because she is not sure about of what there gestures. Kenan, the second main character in the novel, also had internal and external conflicts during the siege in Sarajevo. His internal conflict would be been a coward. He is scared of death. He is worried about what will his wife and kids would think if they found out that he is dead. â€Å"As the door to the apartment closes behind him he presses his back to it and slides to the ground†¦He doesn’t want to go†. (26). This quotation tells the reader that Kenan is a coward because is not strong enough to face the outside world. If he wasn’t a coward then he would have just closed the door and left already with the six canisters in his hands, but instead he just sits on the outside of his door of his apartment afraid like a frightened dog. One of his external conflicts is not able to go out and get some clean water from the brewery because of the men on the hills. The men are on the hills will shoot civilians from anywhere without them knowing. He doesn’t want his wife and his kids to know that he is dead because he knows that his wife will never recover from it. Instead he just wants the war to be over so he and his family could have their own normal life back. .. That the men on the hills can kill anyone, anywhere, anytime they like†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (25). This quotation tells the reader why Kenan is so afraid to go out and do his task, which is going to the brewery. The brewery is not close to his apartment so he has to walk a long way and he has to carry Mrs. Ristovski’s two water bottle s with her along the way. What makes him even more afraid of dying is walking slowly. The difference between his canisters and Mrs, Ristovski;s water bottles is that The canisters that Kenan has have handles on them but the water bottles that Mrs. Ristovski has does not have handles so it’s harder for Kenan to carry them because without the handles he can’t tie his own canisters with her water bottles. He wants to be able to run as quick as he can when there is danger. Dragan, the last main character in the novel was scared of death too. The external conflict is whenever he tries to cross a intersection on a street that he was on, he always wait until its clear to cross because he is worried that the men on the hills will shoot bullets from anywhere, and may shoot him dead. The internal conflict is when he is not sure whether he can cross the street or not. â€Å"Dragan is one of those who waits behind the protection of a concrete wall for a sign or a feeling that it’s ok to cross. He’s never quite sure what could possibly happen that might make a difference, but sooner or later he always feels that the time to cross has come. † (40). This quotation tells the reader that Dragan can’t make up his mind. He wants to cross the intersection but he doesn’t have the courage to do so. The Cellist of Sarajevo The Cellist of Sarajevo Shirley Shi My prediction for the novel, The Cellist of Sarajevo, is that the novel is going to be out the siege in Sarajevo. It’s also going to be out a survival story for different kinds of characters in the novel. For example, on the inside flap of the novel, it said that a character in the story name Arrow, who is a counter sniper in the novel tries to protect the cellist from danger. The cellist had to stay in front of a bakery store, where a bomb killed twenty two people to play some tunes in memory of them. The disclaimer of the novel tells the reader some information about what the novel is about, but not a lot of information. For example, the Toronto Star said â€Å"In this story of a battered city and its suffering residents, art is just a trinket. Art offers precious albeit fleeting, moments of solace and hope†¦profoundly stirring† This comment helps the reader to understand that the residents are suffering but it did not say how they are suffering. The comment only said why they are suffering and from what they are suffering. The residents are suffering from living in a battered city. The quotations in the novel helps the reader to understand the deeper meaning of a character or it can help the reader to understand the setting or the actions of what the character is doing. The first few chapter of the novel is about the cellist. This first part of the book is the exposition of the novel. The cellist job was to play music in front of a bakery, where a bombed killed twenty two people, who were waiting in line to buy bread. The cellist had to stay in front of that bakery for twenty two days and play his cellist in memory of those who died. This first part of the book helps the reader to understand the cellist a little bit and also helps the reader to wonder how the cellist in the novel is going to survive because the cellist is out in the open, where he is not protected by a barrier or any protection. Arrow, a counter sniper, life had changed when she became a sniper. She doesn’t shoot at civilians, like the men on the hills, but she shoots at soldiers. Before, her life was normal, she was living her life like an average teenager girl, but when the war started; her attitude toward things had changed from been normal to un-normal. One of her internal conflict is within herself. After the world around her had started to change, she started to change herself. She didn’t want to be the girl who is always nice to everyone anymore. â€Å"I’m Arrow, I hate them, the woman you knew hated nobody† One of her external force would be â€Å"To hate people because they hated her first, and then to hate them because of what they’ve done to her, has created a desire to separate the part of her that will fight back, from the part that never wanted to fight in the first place†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (13). This quotation tells the reader that she is having a conflict with the people that affected her to change, which as we know from the quote that the people that affected her was the men on the hills. Another one of her external force is â€Å"For a moment she’s unsure, unable to read their gestures. † This quotation tells the reader that she is having conflicts with the soldiers that are on the street beneath the building that she is in. She is not sure on whether she should shoot at them or not because she is not sure about of what there gestures. Kenan, the second main character in the novel, also had internal and external conflicts during the siege in Sarajevo. His internal conflict would be been a coward. He is scared of death. He is worried about what will his wife and kids would think if they found out that he is dead. â€Å"As the door to the apartment closes behind him he presses his back to it and slides to the ground†¦He doesn’t want to go†. (26). This quotation tells the reader that Kenan is a coward because is not strong enough to face the outside world. If he wasn’t a coward then he would have just closed the door and left already with the six canisters in his hands, but instead he just sits on the outside of his door of his apartment afraid like a frightened dog. One of his external conflicts is not able to go out and get some clean water from the brewery because of the men on the hills. The men are on the hills will shoot civilians from anywhere without them knowing. He doesn’t want his wife and his kids to know that he is dead because he knows that his wife will never recover from it. Instead he just wants the war to be over so he and his family could have their own normal life back. .. That the men on the hills can kill anyone, anywhere, anytime they like†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (25). This quotation tells the reader why Kenan is so afraid to go out and do his task, which is going to the brewery. The brewery is not close to his apartment so he has to walk a long way and he has to carry Mrs. Ristovski’s two water bottle s with her along the way. What makes him even more afraid of dying is walking slowly. The difference between his canisters and Mrs, Ristovski;s water bottles is that The canisters that Kenan has have handles on them but the water bottles that Mrs. Ristovski has does not have handles so it’s harder for Kenan to carry them because without the handles he can’t tie his own canisters with her water bottles. He wants to be able to run as quick as he can when there is danger. Dragan, the last main character in the novel was scared of death too. The external conflict is whenever he tries to cross a intersection on a street that he was on, he always wait until its clear to cross because he is worried that the men on the hills will shoot bullets from anywhere, and may shoot him dead. The internal conflict is when he is not sure whether he can cross the street or not. â€Å"Dragan is one of those who waits behind the protection of a concrete wall for a sign or a feeling that it’s ok to cross. He’s never quite sure what could possibly happen that might make a difference, but sooner or later he always feels that the time to cross has come. † (40). This quotation tells the reader that Dragan can’t make up his mind. He wants to cross the intersection but he doesn’t have the courage to do so.

What to Do With Short Stories

What to Do With Short Stories Recently I received a simple email from a reader who stated she wrote mostly short stories, and she had no clue what to do with them. She felt the day of the short story was over, and that hers had no chance of being published. She also asked how to make any money with them. These days, short writing is often interpreted as free to read, and she wanted to make a dollar or two from her effort. I understood her frustration and desire. Immediately, I asked her how many publications did she buy each year that catered to the short story. She could count them on one hand. You can guess my response to that. If shes not supporting the short story market, how can she expect to make money from it? Same goes for poetry, mysteries, sci-fi and the rest. {Okay, rant over.) From there, I suggested the following methods to earning income from short stories: 1) Contests In case you are new to FundsforWriters, I post many contests, and only those that pay $200 or more. Short story competitions are popular in the contest world. They usually charge entry fees, which are used to fund the prize money and cover expenses of judges and online promotion. Try to work one a month into your regimen. Contests are no different from submitting to editors. You risk rejection, but you also play the odds of being discovered and published in addition to putting a few dollars in your pocket. 2) Self-pub shorts on Amazon Self-publishing isnt just for novels or how-to books. Whats great these days is that you can sell ebooks, e-shorts, or chapbooks online, regardless of word count. Your short might not make more than 99 cents, but its read, and youre on your way as a short story author. 3) Magazines and anthologies These calls for submissions dont holler loud, so youll need to pay attention to venues like FundsforWriters to find them. Of course you need to sign up for FundsforWriters, and preferably TOTAL FundsforWriters as well. (See https://fundsforwriters.com/total-subscription-special/ But here are some markets to help your efforts: http://thewritelife.com/where-to-submit-short-stories/ amazon.com/Novel-Short-Story-Writers-Market/dp/159963841X/fundsforwriters sfwa.org/category/information-center/advice-for-new-writers/where-to-submit/ http://thereviewreview.net/publishing-tips/show-me-literary-magazines-pay 4) Crowdfunding Do you have a short story project in mind? Pitch it in a crowdfunding campaign at Kickstarter.com , Indiegogo.com , Pubslush.com , Unbound.co.uk or any of two dozen others. These are the most common and reliable for authors. Study the successful campaigns and learn from the masters. Earn money for your project and build a following at the same time. Short people rock!

The Iraq Crisis essays

The Iraq Crisis essays Straddling the Tigris and Euphrates rivers and stretching from the Gulf to the Anti-Taurus Mountains, modern Iraq occupies roughly what was once ancient Mesopotamia, one of the cradles of human civilisation. In the Middle Ages Iraq was the centre of the Islamic Empire, with Baghdad the cultural and political capital of an area extending from Morocco to the Indian subcontinent. Mongol invasions in the 13th century saw its influence wane, and it played a minor role in the region until independence from British control in 1932. Following the overthrow of the monarchy in 1958 and a coup in 1968, Iraq became one of the centres of Arab nationalism under the control of the ruling Ba'th (Renaissance) party. Oil made the country rich, and when Saddam Hussein became president in 1979 petroleum made up 95% of its foreign exchange earnings. But the war with Iran from 1980 to 1988 and the Gulf War in 1991 following Iraq's invasion of Kuwait, together with the subsequent imposition of international sanctions, had a devastating effect on its economy and society. In 1991 the UN said Iraq had been reduced to a pre-industrial state, while later reports described living standards as being at subsistence level. The Kurdish community has broken away and created a semi-autonomous region of its own in the north. United States, British and allied planes launched a massive campaign of bombing and missile strikes on targets across Iraq at 2330 GMT on 16 January 1991. It marked the end of five months of diplomacy and military build-up in response to Iraq's invasion of neighbouring Kuwait on 2 August 1990. Iraq had vowed to fight rather than pull out. The United Nations deadline, 15 January, ticked by with no withdrawal. The next day, the full might of the 29-member UN-backed coalition was unleashed. US, British and Saudi Arabian aircraft set out to destroy hundreds of mainly military targets. The Iraqi capital Baghdad was heavily hit and th...

Free Essays on Latour

The Three Sides Of Latour Death Comes For The Archbishop by Willa Cather is a book about the life and adventures of Jean Marie Latour. As the book progresses, Latour takes on many titles such as Father, Bishop and ultimately Archbishop. Along his travels Latour comes upon characters, many of which are quite similar. There are those characters that Cather deliberately writes more about to catch the readers attention. These characters are Father Martinez, Father Vaillant and Jacinto. In each of these characters Cather creates foils of Latour. There is something in his three foils that Latour wishes were a part of him. â€Å"He had an altogether compelling personality, a disturbing, mysterious, magnetic power† (pg.150). This quote shows exactly what Latour admired in Martinez. This admiration is odd because Martinez is a man whose actions contrast with those that a man of the church is supposed to perform. Another side to this is that Latour sees some of Martinez’s qualities within himself and he hates that. In my life I have felt like Latour does in this situation. I find a person who is seen as having bad qualities and I see myself being that person. This makes me angry and I become more hostile to that person than I should be. This is the same with Latour and Martinez. Martinez’s selfish and un-priestly ways make his better qualities stand out even more. The quality that Latour admires most in Martinez is his fire and passion conveyed in his sermons. Martinez may not be a man who follows all the rules but he is a man of deep faith in what he preaches. This is that quality th at Latour wishes that he had. He wishes he had the ability to show his faith as well as Martinez. The next foil of Latour is his lifetime friend Father Joseph Vaillant. Father Joseph is the closest person in the book to Latour. He is faithful, intelligent and strong willed. The quality in Father Joseph that is most admired by Latour is that of determination. C... Free Essays on Latour Free Essays on Latour The Three Sides Of Latour Death Comes For The Archbishop by Willa Cather is a book about the life and adventures of Jean Marie Latour. As the book progresses, Latour takes on many titles such as Father, Bishop and ultimately Archbishop. Along his travels Latour comes upon characters, many of which are quite similar. There are those characters that Cather deliberately writes more about to catch the readers attention. These characters are Father Martinez, Father Vaillant and Jacinto. In each of these characters Cather creates foils of Latour. There is something in his three foils that Latour wishes were a part of him. â€Å"He had an altogether compelling personality, a disturbing, mysterious, magnetic power† (pg.150). This quote shows exactly what Latour admired in Martinez. This admiration is odd because Martinez is a man whose actions contrast with those that a man of the church is supposed to perform. Another side to this is that Latour sees some of Martinez’s qualities within himself and he hates that. In my life I have felt like Latour does in this situation. I find a person who is seen as having bad qualities and I see myself being that person. This makes me angry and I become more hostile to that person than I should be. This is the same with Latour and Martinez. Martinez’s selfish and un-priestly ways make his better qualities stand out even more. The quality that Latour admires most in Martinez is his fire and passion conveyed in his sermons. Martinez may not be a man who follows all the rules but he is a man of deep faith in what he preaches. This is that quality th at Latour wishes that he had. He wishes he had the ability to show his faith as well as Martinez. The next foil of Latour is his lifetime friend Father Joseph Vaillant. Father Joseph is the closest person in the book to Latour. He is faithful, intelligent and strong willed. The quality in Father Joseph that is most admired by Latour is that of determination. C...

Buddhism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Buddhism - Essay Example People were attracted by his teachings and hence there developed a community of monks and nuns. All those who believed in him and in his teachings began to be called as the Buddhists. This paper tends to explore the major principles and teachings of Buddhism and its influence on other religions. Teachings of Buddhism One of the major aims of Buddhism was to give people insights on the true nature of reality regarding death and sufferings. For the spiritual development as foreseen by Buddha, a complete change, both mental and physical, was essential. Since life involves a process of constant changes, man has to change for a better state than the present. It is one’s mind that plays the crucial role in changing oneself. So, Buddhism developed many a number of methods for working on the mind. The major tool used by Buddhists to change people in order to develop the qualities such as awareness, kindness and wisdom was meditation (â€Å"What does Buddhism teach..†). Meditati on is the concentration of thoughts on single subject and completely being aware of oneself. The practice of meditation brought them a more positive state of mind backed by calmness, concentration, awareness, and emotions like friendliness. According to the doctrine, the Buddhist teachings and paths would finally bring enlightenment where one can witness the nature of reality clearly and live naturally in accordance with that vision. With the awareness attained from meditation, they could get a fuller understanding of themselves, their fellow beings, and in due course the life itself. During his public life, Buddha propagated the answers he found out for his questions. Enlightenment gave him answers for all the unanswered questions that bothered him during the term of his family life. The first idea that he spread was that ‘nothing is lost in the universe’. Whatever that loses its current state turns into another form. The dead man turns into soil and so he is never bei ng lost from this world. The second truth was ‘everything changes’. There is nothing in this world that can with stand change. The third universal truth of Buddha was the ‘law of cause and effect’ (Following the Buddha’s Footsteps..†). This law of cause and effect in other words is known as ‘Karma’. According to this principle, we eat the fruits of our own deeds. Nothing happens to us unless and until we deserve it. We receive exactly the result of what we do irrespective of the goodness or badness in it. The state of our present being is attributed to our accomplishments in the past. The relationship between our thoughts and actions decide the kind of life that we are to live. We can change our Karma by paying attention to what we do, what we think, and what we say. Once we clearly understand our actions and thoughts we no longer need to fear Karma; instead, Karma will be our best friend who will lead us to create a better future (Following the Buddha’s Footsteps..†). Another major teaching of Buddha was on dharma. Dharma is a Sanskrit word having a number of meanings. In Buddhism dharma means proper conduct or good behavior that is necessary to keep the natural order of things. As the main aim of dharma contemplated on keeping a natural order, it covered ideas like duty, profession, religion and other occupations which are considered to be correct and proper. Thus, Buddhist dharma was all about

Fashion marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Fashion marketing - Essay Example It takes over other stores to enter a new market and because of the brand name, it is able to quickly settle in. (International Operations, 2008) As mentioned above, Wal-Mart has a simple strategy which it practices around the globe. This has been the reason why Wal-Mart hasn't been able to do well in Germany and China. The same strategy cannot be implemented across cultural and geographical boundaries. Despite the standard strategies around the world, Wal-Mart has to adapt to an extent like the low budget stores in Brazil and small subway stores in China. The global initiative does not support its marketing strategy very well in all regions, Wal-Mart needs to adapt and be flexible in order to be success. (International Operations, 2008) Currently it does not seem that Wal-Mart will be successful in Japan or German. To be successful, the management should study the local conditions of store chains that are functioning well and adopt a similar marketing strategy since learning is the best thing to do. Also Japan and Germany are very quality conscious thus the best thing is to give them high quality products at higher rates. And also before starting any operations, Wal-Mart should perform an extensive market research like the one being conducted in India. According to the conclusion th

Global Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Global Management - Essay Example The median household income is $48,617 (City of Arlington, 2011). In terms of religious affiliation, 36% are Southern Baptist, 22% are Catholics, 13% are United Methodists and 29% comprises the other religions. Arlington has ten public elementary/middle schools and ten private elementary/middle schools. It has ten public high schools and seven private high schools. The workforce of Arlington is large, well-educated and diverse (Arlington Chamber of Commerce, 2008). The land area of Arlington is 99.5 square miles and the city’s property tax rate is 0.6480 per $100 valuation (City of Arlington, 2011). The city is in the middle of Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex and is eight miles from the DFW airport. It abides by the business-friendly traditions of Texas (Cluck, 2011). Over 100 square miles is allotted to business which includes five business parks (Cluck, 2011). In terms of the industries present in the area, as of 2009, the most common industry is construction which comprises 13% of the total industry in the area (Onboard Informatics, 2011). Other industries include accommodation and food services; administrative and support and waste management services; professional, scientific and technical services; educational services; finance and insurance and transportation equipment (Onboard Informatics, 2011). Like the other areas in Texas, the people of Arlington also celebrate varied cultural heritage festivals because of the diversity of its population in terms of background and culture. Since Texas used to be a part of Mexico, a lot of the Mexican traditions have been adapted by the Texans. Among the festivals celebrated by the Texans are Cinco de Mayo celebration. The German heritage has also influenced Texas; thus, the celebration of the Oktoberfest. Other festivities celebrated by the people of Texas are Charro Days, Riofest and Port Isabel’s Day of the Dead. A major consideration in

2 Million Minutes Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

2 Million Minutes - Movie Review Example Directed by Robert Compton, Adam Raney and Chad Heeter; 2 million minutes is a documentary film which raises stark questions on the competitiveness and efficiency of education system of America.Taking examples of students from three major competing nations ought to become superpowers- America, India and China, the film addresses issues of schooling, establishing balance between education and extra-curricular activities and overall power of these nations in supplying innovative and intelligent minds (Harvard Educational Review 2011). The movie revolves around 6 students- two each from America, India and China. While American students get themselves more involved in friends and extra-curricular activities; students of India and China not only develop long term goals in fields of Science and Math, but also maintain a balance between other activities. All in all, schooling system in India and China exposes its youth to more comprehensive education and extra-curricular experience than do American system. This is why Indian and Chinese students aspire to become scientists, engineers and doctors, while American kids are dazzled by football players, actors and sports persons. Issues raised in the film The film highlights numerous issues which the American economy is exposed to. Dealing with education system and its contribution in making a nation competitive and self-sufficient; the movie revolves around seeking answers to how American system has lost its motivation of developing entrepreneurs and inventors and how parents are setting deviated priorities for their children. Lack of motivation and unclear priorities Aspirations of students take shape by prominent inventions and research work going on in the nation. America was once the land of space research, math and science geniuses which molded student aspirations to become scientists, engineers and researchers. Now when students see football players, sports persons and actors steal the show, their motivation level a nd direction has changed. This is seriously going to hurt the American economy in the long run as the latter category of careers do not make a nation self-sufficient and competitive in the fight of global reliance. Responsibility of parents In India and China, most of the poor parents want their children to be educated and independent as they themselves have been living in miserable plights. As such, both the parents and children have their goals clear and focused upon. This is not the case with American parents who have been living affluently and whose children do not understand what poverty is. Thus, American education system suffers from confusion between what parents think and what children want. Another point revealed from this discussion is the level of involvement and responsibility sharing by parents in making their children competitive globally. In India and China, parents are equally responsible for how their children fare in their exams and career. They invest time, effor t and obviously money in their child’s endeavor to fly with bright colors. American parents, however, do not take this much of their child’s academic responsibility as they prefer sports and athletics to academics. This is something which raises brows on how students are supported in their goal formation, planning and execution in America, India and China because after school or college, children learn from their home and parents. Stress taking Many experts opine that Indian parents put unnecessary pressure on their children. Students get stressed by subjects and are also not allowed to play or socialize much. To some extent, this is true. But on close observation, it is actually the need of the hour. The world has already been grappled with economic crisis, employment levels have plummeted and careers are not secure. In such circumstances, students need to be accustomed of functioning under stress conditions; otherwise hardships and challenges of life could not be fac ed. This is what Indian

Franz Kalfa's Metamorphosis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Franz Kalfa's Metamorphosis - Essay Example Although the family continues to care for him, providing him with food and water and cleaning his room once a day, Gregor becomes more and more detached from them, eventually finding it difficult to keep track of what has been happening around him. His room becomes dirtier, his family becomes less attentive and he becomes less concerned with their welfare in connection with his own. As his sister and mother move his personal furniture out of his room, he leaves the room with a mind toward helping his sister, but is instead attacked by his father, becoming wounded in the process when an apple thrown at him becomes lodged in his back. Rather than tending to his wounds, the family locks him back in his room again where the apple is able to fester for months. The room becomes the general receptacle of household debris before Gregor’s final attempt to reconnect with his family results in such harsh and complete rejection that he simply crawls back in his room and dies. Through the story, Kafka uses the concept of work to highlight some of the problems of the human condition. It can be argued that Gregor’s transformation is a literal indication of his feelings of separation from humanity, including from the members of his own family, as can be seen in from the very beginning of the story. Despite waking up to find himself in the form of a bug, Gregor’s primary concern remains to get to work in order to continue supporting the family who has been dependent upon him for the past five years. As he reflects upon his position, he reveals the level of disconnectedness that has already occurred between himself and his family, indeed the rest of humanity, since he took a job as a traveling salesman: â€Å"And apart from business itself, this plague of traveling: the anxieties of changing trains, the irregular, inferior meals, the ever changing faces, never to be seen again, people with whom one has no chance to be friendly† (13). Even in his own home, he

2 Million Minutes Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

2 Million Minutes - Movie Review Example Directed by Robert Compton, Adam Raney and Chad Heeter; 2 million minutes is a documentary film which raises stark questions on the competitiveness and efficiency of education system of America.Taking examples of students from three major competing nations ought to become superpowers- America, India and China, the film addresses issues of schooling, establishing balance between education and extra-curricular activities and overall power of these nations in supplying innovative and intelligent minds (Harvard Educational Review 2011). The movie revolves around 6 students- two each from America, India and China. While American students get themselves more involved in friends and extra-curricular activities; students of India and China not only develop long term goals in fields of Science and Math, but also maintain a balance between other activities. All in all, schooling system in India and China exposes its youth to more comprehensive education and extra-curricular experience than do American system. This is why Indian and Chinese students aspire to become scientists, engineers and doctors, while American kids are dazzled by football players, actors and sports persons. Issues raised in the film The film highlights numerous issues which the American economy is exposed to. Dealing with education system and its contribution in making a nation competitive and self-sufficient; the movie revolves around seeking answers to how American system has lost its motivation of developing entrepreneurs and inventors and how parents are setting deviated priorities for their children. Lack of motivation and unclear priorities Aspirations of students take shape by prominent inventions and research work going on in the nation. America was once the land of space research, math and science geniuses which molded student aspirations to become scientists, engineers and researchers. Now when students see football players, sports persons and actors steal the show, their motivation level a nd direction has changed. This is seriously going to hurt the American economy in the long run as the latter category of careers do not make a nation self-sufficient and competitive in the fight of global reliance. Responsibility of parents In India and China, most of the poor parents want their children to be educated and independent as they themselves have been living in miserable plights. As such, both the parents and children have their goals clear and focused upon. This is not the case with American parents who have been living affluently and whose children do not understand what poverty is. Thus, American education system suffers from confusion between what parents think and what children want. Another point revealed from this discussion is the level of involvement and responsibility sharing by parents in making their children competitive globally. In India and China, parents are equally responsible for how their children fare in their exams and career. They invest time, effor t and obviously money in their child’s endeavor to fly with bright colors. American parents, however, do not take this much of their child’s academic responsibility as they prefer sports and athletics to academics. This is something which raises brows on how students are supported in their goal formation, planning and execution in America, India and China because after school or college, children learn from their home and parents. Stress taking Many experts opine that Indian parents put unnecessary pressure on their children. Students get stressed by subjects and are also not allowed to play or socialize much. To some extent, this is true. But on close observation, it is actually the need of the hour. The world has already been grappled with economic crisis, employment levels have plummeted and careers are not secure. In such circumstances, students need to be accustomed of functioning under stress conditions; otherwise hardships and challenges of life could not be fac ed. This is what Indian

Describe your professional goals and how your chosen major relates to Essay

Describe your professional goals and how your chosen major relates to these goals. Is there a professional in your field of choice who might serve as your role - Essay Example This would cater to people who want to beautify themselves, eat well, and have time for relaxation in this world of rush. I also want to own the Miss Universe Organization. This follows the same trend as mentioned previously. This gives people the opportunity to see, all over the world, beautiful ladies who also care about other people ´s needs as to when they are asked, what they would like to do. I want to help in various areas of research to help cure many diseases. This research will focus in the following diseases: diabetes, leukemia, breast cancer, and HIV/AIDS. Supporting researchers in these areas will help in prevention measures, maintenance/control, and cure. My desire is to also help combat poverty. There are too many poverty stricken people around the world. Measures to alleviate poverty should be one of the aims entrepreneurs should have while conducting their business. It is clear that corporations make donations and it is also clear that they are tax exempt however, more needs to be done. There is never enough. Working with Adoption Agencies that work with dwarf children and with orphanages is one of my most interests. Children all over the world need attention. They need to feel comfort given their present situations. I would like to build schools in India and in Africa to be in a position to educate children. To give them the opportunities that others take for granted and enjoy. My role model is Donald Trump. He is a wise man, kind, calm, intelligent, thinks quickly, and he is not regularly seen in the tabloids. He is also a successful entrepreneur who owns the Miss Universe Organization. I want to be this kind of person. I want to be an entrepreneur, make donations, become part of the process, and see to it that changes are made to help others in their crisis. I want to be in a position where decision

Ultrasonic Metal Testing Essay Example for Free

Ultrasonic Metal Testing Essay Ultrasonic testing refers to the use of sound energy of high frequency â€Å"to conduct examinations and make measurements (â€Å"Basic Principles of Ultrasonic Testing†). † This form of inspection may be applied in the detection and evaluation of metal flaws; measurement of dimensions; and classification of materials among other things (â€Å"Basic Principles of Ultrasonic Testing†). It was in the year 1928 that a famous Soviet scientist by the name of Sergei Y. Sokolov proposed and demonstrated at the V. I. Ulvanov Electrotechnical Institute a â€Å"through-transmission technique† for detecting flaws in metals (Early History of Metal Flaw Detectors). Although necessary technology was nonexistent at the time, Sokolov proposed that this technique could be applied in the detection of irregularities in solids. In Germany during the early 1930s, Sokolov’s proposal was taken seriously enough to begin extensive experimentation on the detection of flaws in metals. O Muhlhauser, in the year 1933, patented a method for the transmission of ultrasonic energy into the solid or metal being tested. This system allowed ultrasonic energy to examine the solid or metal using two transducers (Early History of Metal Flaw Detectors). Ultrasonic metal testing has been useful in industrial applications since the 1940s. Based on the laws of physics governing the spread of sound waves of high frequencies through solids, ultrasonic metal testing helps in the detection of cracks that may be hidden, in addition to porosity, voids and other kinds of â€Å"internal discontinuities† in metals (â€Å"General Introduction to Ultrasonic Testing†). Ceramics, plastics, and composites may be similarly tested using ultrasonic systems. Ultrasonic testing also allows easy measurement of thickness as well analysis of material properties.Most importantly, ultrasonic metal testing is entirely safe and nondestructive (â€Å"General Introduction to Ultrasonic Testing†). References Basic Principles of Ultrasonic Testing. NDT Resource Center. Retrieved Dec 14, 2007, from http://www. ndt-ed. org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Ultrasonics/Introduction/description. htm. Early History of Metal Flaw Detectors. Retrieved Dec 14, 2007, from http://www. ob- ultrasound. net/ndt. html. General Introduction to Ultrasonic Testing. Olympus. Retrieved Dec 14, 2007, from http://www. olympusndt. com/en/ndt-tutorials/intro/ut/.

Examples of Software Crisis

Examples of Software Crisis Software Crysis What was it? The software crisis which happened during the 1960s, 1970s and the 1980s, happened because of companies were discovering the potential of the computer softwares over the manual systems. This lead to companies demanding more and more from the programmers which for a programmer working alone was a bit impossible to cater alone. For instance as the programmer which was working on the the software could not coop with all the demands of the customer in time lead for the delivery of the software to be late of the date settled. As there was not enough planning lead to over budget from that stipulated in the beginning of the contract. Most of the times the software produced by the programmer didnt reach the specification and the functionality requested by the customer apart from that the programmer would give a sheet full of the bugs in the software which was accepted by the customer at the time as said by Booch it was â€Å"a malady that has carried on this long must be  called normal.â €  i.e. it was acceptable that softwares bought by the customer were of a low standard. Apart from that the software was accompanied by a poor documentation. But there was a time when the customer saw that instead of profit they were spending money on software which the manual technique was more profitable as it didnt cost as the software and more efficient. The production of low standard software lead to damage of property and there was even casualties because of incompetence of the software produced. As stated by oppapers.com â€Å"the software crisis was at first defined in terms of productivity but evolved to emphasize quality†.By damage of property is meant that the programme would have built the software with poor security which hackers could have breached easily implying that valuable data could have been stolen from the softwares database easily. When referring to casualties it is meant that there were embedded systems in machines like for example radiotherapy mach ines which gave lethal doses of radioactive material, this could have been avoided by more testing to ensure that the system worked correctly. What caused it? It was firstly caused because of the lack of programmers working together therefore a lot of work was concentrated on one programmer which would have to concentrate on many aspects of the software therefore there is a good probability of forgetting something which will bring out a software with bad specs when they tried to counter it by hiring more programmers still it failed as the same problem still persisted because the programmers didnt know how to work in a team. Programmers didnt ask the customer what did they need of the software therefore the programmer would create a program with bad specs which would lead in more maintenance after the software would be created so that the software would be as the customer needs it. The programmer didnt interact with the customer unlike nowadays were they try to go in the customers head to produce the software with the most desired specs to work efficiently and effectively in its field. The complexity of the tailored software which had to be produced was increasing which on its own would need time to solve in an efficient way in a programming language but the user always wanted to pay as least as possible and demanded that the software had to be done shortly which would have brought about requirements conflicts, as to produce a complex system takes time, but the user didnt give the time, if a software wasnt given a low budget meant that the system must not be that complex as the payment is low. Therefore in the end the system requirements were never reached which brought about discomfort in the user which started to see that he computerized system was more as a nuisance than a help. According to sa-depot.com another cause might have been â€Å"failure to manage risk† which in the same site it is stated that the waterfall life cycle will delay problem identification this is because as it can be seen in the picture on the right verification that the software is working correctly only happens before implementation there is no parallel testing in the making of the software which would lead in more maintenance after the implementation of the software. Another cause mentioned on sa-depot.com is â€Å"legacy systems must be maintained, but the original developers are gone†this implies that no good documentation was made so that other programmers can get the hang of the structure of the tailored software. Inadequate teaching of software engineering might have been another cause which would result in more maintenance and not reaching the deadline because of tasks which had to be redone to be made as they were supposed to be done which implied less productivity and wasting of precious time. Example: The production of the os/360 system is a good example of the software crisis. The os/360 was to be produced with the system/ 360 mainframe. Its production started in the 1960 and was planned that by 1966 would be produced. The software was the biggest and most complex having over million lines of code and with an initial investiment of 125 million. In Spring 1964 the development task got underway. There were about 70 programmers working on the project but later it was calculated that schedules were slipping therefore they hired more programmers increasing from 60 to 150. But as they increased the number of programmers the less was their standard. Although there was a sudden increase in the number of programmers working on the software, still they estimated thet the development was running late by aproximatley 6 months. Further more a test run was made on the system and was found that the system was very slow which implied that there had to be more reprogramming of already done work w hich meant more delay in the progress of work. By the end of 1965 it was found out that there were fundamental flaws and thereappeared no easy way to arrange them. There was rescheduling in the development plan and it was announced that the software was running 9 months late. At the peak of the system development there was employeed a stuff of 1000 people. Finally by mid 1967 the system was produced a year late of the initial date stipulated and the IBM went with a loss of aproximatley half a billion. This is a good example of the software crisis when there is a lot of complexity in the system for a number of programmers to produce and when hiring programmers which have a low skill in programming which resulted in a late production of the system and an over budget expenditure which is a loss for the company producing it. Persistence: According to accglobal.com †software crisis persists. Software is still difficult to develop and often fails to meet user expectations† and zappa.ubvu.vu.nl gives a reason why â€Å"the software crisis persists because ISs remain as complex and rigid as before to the people who have to maintain them†. Although programmers nowadays work in teams and every body creates part of the software and no programmer works individually. Nowadays system Analysts are hired to serve as a translator between the programmer and the user which needs a tailor made software so that the analyst can tell the programmer what the user wants by the means of diagrams and structural tools. But still softwares are produced over budget and go over the dead line and there os still a lot of maintenance going on on the system after it is delivered i.e. patches and fixes because bugs were found in the system or there is a malfunction in a feature or even the software stops responding. Structure theorem: The structured theorm technique was firstly introduced by Bohm and Jacopini of Italy in 1964 and it was later updated by Dijkstra,Jackson, Yourdon, and wirth and was re-named to the structure analysis. Basically the theorem proofs that every computable function can be derived using only 3 techniques used together or on their own. These are the sequence ,selection and iteration. Sequence means that the code of the program is read line by line always i.e line 1 is read before line 2 is read etc. e.g.: Selection means that there is the use of a choice for instance if A>B then A is printed out or if B>A then be would be printed out on the screen. The use of Boolean I,e. true or false. This technique sometimes is referred to as the if/then/else function (if A>B ,then print A, else print B).Another use of the selections statement is the case statement were the computer is give some cases which he would compare them with the result, when the result is matched with one of the cases it processes the lines of code related with that particular case are processed. The iteration is when the computer has to compute the same thing for a specified number of times i.e. a loop. Figure 5: the iteration taken from http://www.waycross.edu/Faculty/ckikuchi/COMP1301/StructureTheorem.htThe structured theorem brought about the use of the modular design. the use of modules in programming which means that a program is divided into different modules which then are joined to produce the final product. A module contains functions which are related together for example like the GUI of a program. Gane and Sarson. The Gane and Sarson technique was invented by Chrise Gane and Trisk Sarson in the late 1970s, it is called a DFD(data flow diagram) that is a logical diagram is built using a y person a graphical models so that a clear picture of the whole users in an easy way. The diagrams used in the Gane and Sarson are 4: External entity which indicates data entering the systems or data coming out of the system. This is represented by a Rectangle. A data flow which means when data is flowing form one part to another, this is represented by an arrow, the tip means to where the data is flowing. The Data Store, means when there is needed that a data which has to be saved, it is represented by a rectangle with the left side without an edge. The process, this means when there is a process that will change the form of the data flowing in the system, this is represented by a rectangle which instead of corners it has arcs. The Gane and Sarson is good because you dont need to be an IT professional to use it as it can be easily understood by the users which want a system done and it people which are working on the same project can have a clear view what is needed from the system and there is no ambiguity as there is in the languages. In difference than the Yourdon/demarco the gane/sarson diagram doesnt divide the structure into levels so you are looking at the whole system in one page on the other hand in the Yourdon/Demarco devides the structure into different levels with every level u increase the detail of each process.

Causing Generation X :: essays research papers

Teenagers wasting 2.3 million dollars worth of gas a year driving around the same block. Kids at the mall for the sole purpose of shop-lifting. Underage consumption parties. Stealing lawn ornaments. These are just some of the effects of Generation X growing up.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The main cause of this destruction of youth is the crumbling of families. No more “Wait until your father gets home from work and ask him'; but “I wonder if we’re going to see a child support check before Christmas.'; With the divorce rate skyrocketing, us kids are feeling more like burdens than blessings. All the problems divorce causes can rip apart a child, and leave him/her craving attention, whether it is negative or positive. To make it worse, while the only parent they live with is working, the two kids turn into a huge group of people decide to make prank phone calls and try beer for the first time. Addictions form and on and on. Pretty soon the kids acting up in class, (more attention, the perfect kind, peer,) getting smashed on the weekends and waking up in someone else’s puke.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another big reason is boredom. This where my syndrome stems from. There is honestly NOTHING to do in Tuscarwaras County. If you have money in the winter you can bowl, watch a High School basketball game, go to the YMCA, see a movie, go shopping, drive around, experiment with make-up and different types of clothes, get on the Internet, and watch TV. With no money in the winter, we can watch TV, get on the Internet, vandalize, steal , try to bum cigarettes and other such things. The reason the police log is so long every morning is not because kids are heathens, it’s because we are bored. If there was a dance club, a clean place to play pool, an indoor swimming pool , etc., that was free, I guarantee you the problems would clear up. I huge issue that stands out is the whole bike/skateboard thing. Dover/Phila has a huge problem with us riding in town and in allies. I’ve been yelled at hundreds of times “This isn’t a bike park! Get the He*l away form here!'; Well, if they’d build us a place instead of whining about it for months and getting our hopes up then saying no. In order to keep us out of trouble, we need to be occupied with good things It’s not that we don’t want to be.

Child Abuse and Neglect :: Violence Against Children

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many children suffer at the hands of adults - often their own parents. They are beaten, kicked, thrown into walls, and burned with cigarettes. They have their heads held under the water of toilet bowls, are scalded by hot water or they are forced to stand in freezing showers until they pass out. A child could be stuffed into running washing machines or sexually molested, suffer from neglect in the forms of starvation and lack of medical attention, and still go unnoticed by outsiders. In fact, it is estimated that about five children die every day in the U.S. from some form of child abuse. It is a sickening practice that has no set standard of rules to finish off the persisting problem. Different states have different methods and agencies to help prevent abuse in the home, some work quite well while others bomb - a dangerous gamble when it comes to the life or mental state of a child.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The precise number of deaths each year is not known because of the extent of most fatality investigations that could be suspected as child abuse but are seen as open and shut death cases. A report from the National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect, however, depicts more than three million reports of alleged child maltreatment practices in the year of 1995 alone. Many more children are living with abuse rather than dying from it, too. So what steps are being taken to protect our nation's children?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  All states have a Child Protective Services (or CPS) system. This is the governmental system responsible for investigating reports of child abuse or neglect. In state after state, the CPS agency lacks the resources to respond adequately to the overwhelming number of reports it is legislatively mandated to investigate. All fifty states have child abuse reporting laws requiring reports of suspected abuse to be made by specified professionals and others whose work brings them into regular contact with children. Any citizen may report suspected abuse as state laws provide for reports to be made to the CPS agency or its equivalent, or to a law enforcement agency. In most states, investigations are conducted by CPS personnel, although law enforcement officers may also be involved.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The basic concern of child welfare workers is for the safety of the child. Assessment of the risks involved in leaving a child with its family must be made quickly because children cannot be removed from their families arbitrarily. Child Abuse and Neglect :: Violence Against Children   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many children suffer at the hands of adults - often their own parents. They are beaten, kicked, thrown into walls, and burned with cigarettes. They have their heads held under the water of toilet bowls, are scalded by hot water or they are forced to stand in freezing showers until they pass out. A child could be stuffed into running washing machines or sexually molested, suffer from neglect in the forms of starvation and lack of medical attention, and still go unnoticed by outsiders. In fact, it is estimated that about five children die every day in the U.S. from some form of child abuse. It is a sickening practice that has no set standard of rules to finish off the persisting problem. Different states have different methods and agencies to help prevent abuse in the home, some work quite well while others bomb - a dangerous gamble when it comes to the life or mental state of a child.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The precise number of deaths each year is not known because of the extent of most fatality investigations that could be suspected as child abuse but are seen as open and shut death cases. A report from the National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect, however, depicts more than three million reports of alleged child maltreatment practices in the year of 1995 alone. Many more children are living with abuse rather than dying from it, too. So what steps are being taken to protect our nation's children?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  All states have a Child Protective Services (or CPS) system. This is the governmental system responsible for investigating reports of child abuse or neglect. In state after state, the CPS agency lacks the resources to respond adequately to the overwhelming number of reports it is legislatively mandated to investigate. All fifty states have child abuse reporting laws requiring reports of suspected abuse to be made by specified professionals and others whose work brings them into regular contact with children. Any citizen may report suspected abuse as state laws provide for reports to be made to the CPS agency or its equivalent, or to a law enforcement agency. In most states, investigations are conducted by CPS personnel, although law enforcement officers may also be involved.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The basic concern of child welfare workers is for the safety of the child. Assessment of the risks involved in leaving a child with its family must be made quickly because children cannot be removed from their families arbitrarily.

Compare and Contrast Essay on King Lear and Macbeth

Shakespeare had written many plays in his life time, some of them included various tragedies which included King Lear and Macbeth. All of Shakespeare’s plays had a theme which was used to help the story’s plot to advance further, making events much more interesting. King Lear and Macbeth both have a common theme of madness that is apparent throughout the play which has been depicted differently. They are both written in different ways but still share a same purpose. The essay will be broken down into three parts; firstly we will look at the way madness is viewed in Macbeth. Secondly, we will look at the way King Lear portrays madness lastly we will compare the two to see how differently madness is displayed. While both plays share this similarity, the plays differ by the way the theme of madness is executed. In Macbeth, both the main characters Macbeth and Lady Macbeth begin to show clear signs of madness through alterations in their physical senses. (smell, sight etc. ) this is evident when Lady Macbeth hallucinates that her hands are still covered in king Duncan’s blood despite having washed then several times. Here’s the smell of blood still: all the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand. (Act 5, scene 1, 46-47) Shakespeare uses imagery to give a better understanding of what is going on within the characters mind. Here madness is altering Lady Macbeth’s sense of smell and sight, this tricks her into believing that King Duncan’s blood will never dissipate from her hands even though they are perfectly clean. Another example of the theme of madness that is characterized by Macbeth is found in act three, scene four, the climax of the play. Immediately guilt ridden from ordering the murder of Banquo, Macbeth reaches his pinnacle of madness; exemplified by his delusion of Banquo's ghost. Showing that he can no longer differentiate between reality and his imagination Macbeth shouts, Avaunt! And quit my sight! Let the earth hide thee! Thy bones are marrowless, thy blood is cold; Thou hast no speculation in those eyes Which thou dost glare with (III. iv. 93-97). Ross responds to him, What sights, my lord (III. iii. 118). The Insanity of Macbeth is shown in these quotes. Shakespeare's description of Macbeth's thoughts visibly reveals the theme of madness. Shakespeare portrays madness among many of his characters, and he returns to the theme again and again. Indirect characterization in the form of Lear's mad speeches allows Shakespeare to convey the theme of madness. For example one of Lear's first speeches after things started to go bad for him, Poor naked wretches, wheresoe'er you are, That bide the pelting of this pitiless storm, How shall your house-hold heads and unfed sides, Your loop'd and window'd rag-gedness, defend you†¦ (III. iv. 35-38). Lear's insanity increases throughout the play, demonstrated to the audience through more speeches, until his emotions overthrow his reason at the climax of the play. Lear randomly shouts in to the storm, Rumble thy bellyfull! Spit, fire! Spout, rain! Nor rain, wind, thunder, fire are my daughters. I tax not you, you elements, with unkindness. I never gave you kingdom, called you children (III. ii. 14-17). The example of Lear invoking the storm to destroy the seeds of matter along with many other absurd statements illustrates that he has an unsound mind and it is made clear to the audience by his words. Shakespeare expands on the theme of madness in King Lear by Lear again using his words to express the reason for his insanity. The cause is the realization that his daughters Goneril and Regan do not love him. What finally pushed him over the edge was the cruel actions afflicted on him by the people that supposedly loved him. To such a lowness but his unkind daughters. †¦ ‘Twas this flesh begot Those pelican daughters describes Lear of the cruelty of his daughters (III. iii. 76,80-81). The character of Lear produces the theme of madness by expressing his own increasing insanity and reasons the reason for it in raving tangents. The style and depiction of the theme of madness are very different in both plays. Macbeth shows madness in the main characters with lots of imagery, giving a very physical sense of feeling towards the audience making them have a better understanding of what the characters are feeling. In King Lear madness is depicted through the main characters dialogue. This is meant to show the psychological turmoil going through the character’s mind which helps the audience understand why and what the character is doing within the play. In conclusion it is clear that madness was a very re occurring theme in both plays King Lear and Macbeth. However, the style in which the madness was depicted in each play is very different, in Macbeth madness within the main characters is shown through basic hallucinations through sight and smell, whereas in King Lear Shakespeare wanted the main characters to display madness through the dialogue. Both techniques used by Shakespeare were made to ultimately give more of an understanding of what is going on within the play. Both uses of madness are equally effective depending on which kind of play is written